Abstract
The strong enhancement and localization of electromagnetic field in plasmonic systems have found applications in many areas, which include sensing and biosensing. In this paper, an overview will be provided of the use of plasmonic phenomena in sensors and biosensors with emphasis on two main topics. The first is related to possible ways to enhance the performance of sensors and biosensors based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR), where examples are given of functionalized magnetic nanoparticles, magnetoplasmonic effects and use of metamaterials for SPR sensing. The other topic is focused on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for sensing, for which uniform, flexible, and reproducible SERS substrates have been produced. With such recent developments, there is the prospect of improving sensitivity and lowering the limit of detection in order to overcome the limitations inherent in ultrasensitive detection of chemical and biological analytes, especially at single molecule levels.
Highlights
Surface plasmon resonances (SPRs) have been extensively exploited for sensing and biosensing (Nylander et al 1982, Liedberg et al 1983) with enormous progress in recent years both in terms of instrumentation and applications
As for localized surface plasmon-resonances (LSPRs) in metallic nanoparticles and nanostructures made as arrayed nanoparticles, the electromagnetic field confinement combined with molecular identification techniques, such as Raman spectroscopy, leads to surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) phenomena, which are useful for probing single molecules
The paper is organized in two main sections, the first of which deals with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensing platforms
Summary
Surface plasmon resonances (SPRs) have been extensively exploited for sensing and biosensing (Nylander et al 1982, Liedberg et al 1983) with enormous progress in recent years both in terms of instrumentation and applications. They were able to estimate a 2-order of magnitude larger bulk figure of merit when compared with other previous SPR sensors. Recent proposals are based on sharp phase changes from topologically protected zero reflection (Kravets et al 2013), for label-free single-molecule detection, and the simultaneous probing of conformational states and binding affinity of biomolecules through the proper design of highly tunable metamaterials (Cao et al 2013)
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