New state records in brazilian Agarista (Lyonieae, Ericaceae)

Abstractxxxxxx.

Acalypha inselbergensis Cardiel & I. Montero is newly recorded in 38 localities from the Brazilian states of Alagoas, Bahia, Pernambuco, and Sergipe. In addition, first photographs in situ, a distribution map, phenology data, conservation status, and a key to A. inselbergensis and related species from Northeastern Brazil are provided.

This study comprises the survey and taxonomic treatment of the Lentibulariaceae species occurring in the Atlantic Forest phytogeographic domain of Northeastern Brazil, including the states of Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Norte and Sergipe. Thirty-one species from the two genera Genlisea (3 species) and Utricularia (28 species) were confirmed, and 13 species were found to be wrongly reported for the study area. Four out of these 31 are new records to Sergipe, one to Bahia, one to Rio Grande do Norte, and one to Paraíba and Rio Grande do Norte; the latter one is also a new record for the Atlantic Forest. Only one species is endemic to the Atlantic Forest (Genlisea lobata) and only one to Northeastern Brazil (Utricularia flaccida), while 18 are widely distributed in the country, occurring in more than two phytogeographic domains. Other species present disjunct distributions that corroborate the already documented Atlantic-Amazonian and Atlantic-Cerrado connections. Here, an identification key, illustrations, photographs, distribution maps, besides taxonomic and phenological comments, are also presented. Moreover, an updated preliminary assessment of their conservation status at global scale, using IUCN Red List criteria, combined with a habitat preference categorization, is given as well.

Two new species of Cryptanthus from Bahia State, in northeastern Brazil, are described and illustrated. Cryptanthus apiculatantherus occurs in Atlantic Forest and Cryptanthus brevibracteatus was discovered in a transition area between Atlantic Forest and Caatinga. Cryptanthus apiculatantherus and C. bibarrensis have similar stem lengths and leaf blade shapes, but differ mainly by the stem diameter, width of the leaf sheaths, sepal and petal color, anther apex shape, and length and width of the ovary. Cryptanthus brevibracteatus and C. warren-loosei have a similar leaf blade color and are geographically close to each other, but differ by the number of flowers in the apical cluster of flowers of the inflorescence, length and width of the floral bracts, length of the sepals, connation of the sepals and length of the sepal lobes. Data about the geographic distribution, habitat, phenology, conservation status, taxonomic comments, a distribution map and photographs of the new species are provided. In addition, there are tables included that compare the new species to morphologically similar species.

We report the first record of Vitex orinocensis Kunth (Lamiaceae) from Ceará state, northeastern Brazil. This species was collected in an upland Semideciduous Seasonal Forest. This occurrence adds new information about the flora of Ceará and expands the geographic range of this species in Brazil, which is important for its conservation. We provide taxonomic information, distribution map, implications for its conservation status, photographs, and a identification key for the Vitex Tour. ex L. species from Ceará.

We aimed to describe two new species endemic to Brazil - one from sandy habitats in northeastern Brazil (Pachira inaequalivalvis), mainly characterized by fruits with unequal valves, and the other from Amazonian rainforest (P. deflexifolia, having the downward-oriented leaflets) - and provide complete morphological descriptions, illustrations, comments, conservation status, and distribution maps. We also designate a lectotype and an epitype for Pachira patinoi.

A new species of Eriotheca (Malvaceae, Bombacoideae) from coastal areas in the northeastern Brazilian states of Alagoas and Bahia is described and illustrated. Eriothecaalversonii inhabits Atlantic coastal forest and is found principally on sandy soils in restinga vegetation. It is most similar morphologically to E.parvifolia. Both species have 3-foliolate leaves and short petioles on fertile branches, but the new species has smaller flowers, truncate to crenulate calyces, and smaller globose to subglobose capsules. The affinities of E.alversonii to morphologically similar species and its phenology are discussed. A distribution map and preliminary assessment of its conservation status are provided.

The genus Tulipa L., belonging to the Liliaceae family, has significant economic, horticultural, and ecological importance and is culturally revered in various regions worldwide. The total number of Tulipa species, including 90-120 taxa, varies based on different sources. Globally, Kazakhstan has one of the highest diversities of Tulipa species, most of which are threatened. In this study, we update and revise the Tulipa species in Kazakhstan based on field observations and an extensive herbarium specimens' survey. A total of 41 taxa were identified, including 13 species endemic to Kazakhstan, among which seven species have been assessed as threatened globally. Furthermore, we gathered 1,942 occurrence records of 41 Tulipa taxa to analyze spatial arrangement of Tulipa species richness in Kazakhstan. Based on these results, we identified 22 grid cells with a high diversity of tulip species in southern Kazakhstan. We also present taxonomic key for all Tulipa species occurring in Kazakhstan, along with comments on their general distribution, habitat, phenology, distribution map, and conservation status. In addition, a color plate for each species is provided. Overall, our study provides valuable insights into the conservation status, distribution patterns, and biodiversity of Tulipa species in Kazakhstan, laying a foundation for targeted conservation efforts and further research in the region.

The Brazilian Atlantic Forest domain has one of the highest levels of plant species endemism, but the intense historical fragmentation across the coastal Atlantic tropical rain forest has reduced the original vegetation to < 10% and an island-like, patchy landscape. Despite such unprecedented vegetation loss, biogeographically and phylogenetically interesting discoveries in different angiosperm families have been newly reported for the Atlantic Forest in recent years. Here, we show that species discovery in the legume family (Fabaceae) across the Atlantic Forest has counter-intuitively been increasing. Since 1850, more than half of the legume species described for the domain are endemic, and the total number of endemic species has since increased almost four-fold, resulting in the current record of 442 endemic legumes. One such endemic is a new papilionoid legume, only known from a few giant trees that remained misidentified for 70 years since it was first collected. This new species, described here under the name Dipteryx hermetopascoaliana, based on morphological, geographical and molecular evidence, represents the first endemic species to the genus in the Atlantic Forest. We provide a complete morphological description, distribution map, preliminary conservation status and illustration of the new species. The phylogenetic isolation of D. hermetopascoaliana as sister to all other species of the genus and its restricted distribution in a severely fragmented landscape isolated by sugarcane monocultures in north-eastern Brazil are a signature of how critically endangered the biodiversity of the Atlantic Forest is.

Amphibians are the most threatened vertebrate group in the world. One of the conservation strategies most used to preserve threatened species is the establishment of protected areas. We used gap analysis to evaluate whether or not the protected area network of northeastern Brazil safeguards populations of threatened amphibians that occur in this region. Data on species geographical ranges were obtained from the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and were overlapped on the northeastern Brazilian protected area network using ArcGIS 9.3. The threatened amphibians found in northeastern Brazil were represented by remnant populations of Adelophryne baturitensis, Adelophryne maranguapensis, Allobates olfersioides, and Agalychnis granulosa. There are 174 protected areas in the protected area network in northeastern Brazil. The network is made up of 65 strict protection areas (IUCN categories I–II) and 109 sustainable use areas (IUCN categories III–VI). The network corresponds to more than 15 million ha, which equates to about 10% of the region's total area. However, the size of the protected areas along the geographical range of these species doesn't necessarily guarantee their persistence in the future. The main threat to these species is loss of habitat due to deforestation and agricultural expansion. Therefore, the viability of new reserves with a diversity of representative ecosystems in northeastern Brazil may be the best solution to avoid extinction processes in this region.

Dyckia racemosa is a Bromeliaceae species known from only three collections near Serra Geral, Central Brazil. In this study, the area of occurrence of the species is reported to extend to a Cerrado area in Maranhão state, northeastern Brazil. Digital collections from Brazilian and international herbaria were consulted. The species original description is complemented herein with illustrations and information on the species phenology, ecology, and conservation status. The discovery of D. racemosa in Maranhão demonstrates the importance of floristic studies and the need for further research of this nature in that Brazilian state.

Santosa Y, Yohanna, Wahyuni I. 2017. Butterfly Diversity in Various Land Cover Types of PTPN V Tamora Oil Palm Plantation, Kampar, Riau. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 7: 110-116. Indonesia’s palm oil production has increased to 32 million tons and a total of 27 million ton in exports, which is in line with the increasing number of plantations. Changes of forests into oil palm plantations have caused alterations on the ecosystems due to the monoculture nature of the plantings system. This has raised some concerns among the world’s community for the conservation of biodiversity, including butterflies. Ecologically, butterflies contributed in maintaining ecosystem balance and played important role in helping the pollinations of flowering plants. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a research on the diversity of butterfly in various land cover types. The study was conducted in PTPN V Tamora, of Riau Province in 6 types of land covers (old-growth oil palm plantation aged 25 years, young-growth oil plam plantation aged 2 years, HCV (High Conservation Value) area within the oil palm plantation, smallholding oil palm plantation (KSR), and secondary forests closest to the plantation. HCV area represented the primary forest and secondary forest represented the land cover prior to the establishment of the plantation. The study was conducted in March-April 2016. Data were collected using time search method for 3 hours (08: 00 to 11: 00 WIB) and were analyzed using Margalef Index, Evenness Index, and Sorensen Similarity Index. Based on the observations, the total number of butterfly species found in the 6 land cover types were 39 species of 182 individuals, belonging to four families: Papilionidae (4 species), Nymphalidae (26 species), Pieridae (5 species), and Lycanidae (4 species). Nymphalidae had the most number of species, and the most species type found was Leptosia nina. The most numbers of species and individuals were found in the old-growth oil palm plantation (S = 19), while the least numbers of species were found in the young-growth oil palm plantation (S = 8). The highest species richness was found in KSR2 (dmg = 4.61), while the lowest was in the young-growth oil palm plantation (dmg = 2.65). The highest number of similarity index was found among the two smallholding oil palm plantations. Based on the conservation status, all butterflies found were not under the protection status. This suggested that changes in land cover to monoculture did not affect the diversity of butterfly.

The diversity of the Elampini cuckoo wasps in northeastern Brazil is reviewed. Three new species are described: Hedychrum oxente Lucena & Zanella sp. nov., Holopyga lunae Lucena sp. nov., and Muesebeckidium clemensi Lucena & Zanella sp. nov. A lectotype is designated for Holopyga piliventris Ducke, 1907 and herein illustrated. Elampus aequinoctialis Ducke, 1901 is restored as a valid species (previously synonymized with Elampus gayi Spinola, 1851) and diagnosed. Holophris huberi (Ducke, 1901) and Muesebeckidium clemensi sp. nov. represent the first records of both genera to northeastern Brazil. New records along with up-to-date distributional maps are discussed, and an identification key to the species of Holopyga from northeastern Brazil is provided. The total diversity of Elampini recorded for northeastern Brazil is now represented by the following eight species: Elampus aequinoctialis Ducke, 1901, Exallopyga guatemalensis (Cameron, 1888), Hedychrum oxente Lucena & Zanella sp. nov., Holophris huberi (Ducke, 1901), Holopyga iheringi du Buysson, 1901, H. lunae Lucena sp. nov., H. piliventris Ducke, 1907, and Muesebeckidium clemensi Lucena & Zanella sp. nov.

Previous studies show that conservation actions have prevented extinctions, recovered populations, and reduced declining trends in global biodiversity. However, all studies to date have substantially underestimated the difference conservation action makes because they failed to account fully for what would have happened in the absence thereof. We undertook a scenario-based thought experiment to better quantify the effect conservation actions have had on the extinction risk of the world's 235 recognized ungulate species. We did so by comparing species' observed conservation status in 2008 with their estimated status under counterfactual scenarios in which conservation efforts ceased in 1996. We estimated that without conservation at least 148 species would have deteriorated by one International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List category, including 6 species that now would be listed as extinct or extinct in the wild. The overall decline in the conservation status of ungulates would have been nearly 8 times worse than observed. This trend would have been greater still if not for conservation on private lands. While some species have benefited from highly targeted interventions, such as reintroduction, most benefited collaterally from conservation such as habitat protection. We found that the difference conservation action makes to the conservation status of the world's ungulate species is likely to be higher than previously estimated. Increased, and sustained, investment could help achieve further improvements.

Abstract— This study summarizes the taxonomy of the species of Maranta from northeastern Brazil. While 20 names have been proposed in the region, only 13 are accepted. We provide two new records, M. rugosa and M. polystachya, and five new species are described, of which M. bahiensis and M. villosovaginata are endemic to Bahia, M. chrysogina to Ceará, M. vieirae to Maranhão, and M. lorifolia occurs in Bahia and Espírito Santo. Maranta noctiflora, M. parvifolia, M. phrynioides, and M. rupicola L. have distributions outside of the study area, while M. anderssoniana and M. hatschbachiana are synonymized. Our final checklist includes 21 species, which represent more than half of the species in the genus, highlighting northeastern Brazil as a center of diversity for Maranta. Among the species listed, M. lorifolia, M. tuberculata, and M. zingiberina are thought to be endangered (EN), while M. gigantea is likely critically endangered (CR). Finally, this study provides informal conservation statuses, descriptions, distribution maps, and an identification key to the species. Typifications for M. subterranea and M. polystachya are also provided.