New Space Economy: A 21st Century Political Economy Research Agenda

In recent years, increasing number of historical and cultural districts are planned top-down as economic space in China. New economic activities have proliferated in these areas, even though original residents, some of them elderly, still live there. These new activities increase the complexity of such districts and bring about a series of conflicts, such as conflicts between economic space and life space and between visitors and residents. Hybrid space, which is a mixture of economic space and life space, is essential because it provides leisure zones for people to live, relax, communicate and consume in. However, inclusive design for hybrid space is seldom discussed. Using Yong Qing Fang-a historical and cultural area of Guangzhou-as a case study, this research defines ‘hybrid space’ and explores the conflicts between economic space and life space within hybrid space. By adopting the qualitative research methods of field observations, three types of conflicts of hybrid space are addressed and the barriers to and opportunities for inclusive design strategies for hybrid space are identified. Based on these findings, some suggestions are provided for researchers, urban planners and policy-makers to consider in combining the economic space and life space within hybrid districts in an inclusive way, and a framework is presented for the evaluate of inclusive design for hybrid space.

ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL MARKETING SPACE OF THE ECONOMICS OF EXPERIENCE

We are entering into a new phase in EU corporate governance. More than ever, our action plan must be focused and based on a solid assessment of actual needs of market players and investors. 1 As Ch...

Energizing Comparative Environmental Politics and Comparative Political Economy

Establishing a framework for studying the emerging cislunar economy

The monograph examines the issues of studying the problems of formation, functioning and development of the single economic space of Russia and the trends of integration of the national economies of the CIS, the EAEU in the common economic space. The influence of the development of spatial economy and the processes of economic integration on the economic growth of the country is studied. In the first section, the problems of ap-plying the evolutionary-institutional approach to the problems of modern economic theory, spatial development, integration, economic growth and the practice of market transformations in the national economic system of Russia are considered. The second section contains the basics of the theory of spatial economics in three parts, the provisions on the economic space, its functions and properties are developed; the essence and distinctive features of the category "single economic space" and "common economic space" are clarified. For the first time in the literature, the quality parameters of the single economic space are determined, the essence and signifi-cance of the institutional environment in the formation of the economic space are revealed. The third and fourth sections contain an assessment of the processes of economic integration, and its impact on economic growth in Russia and in the EAEU countries is investigated. For the first time in the economic literature, individual factors of economic growth are comprehensively investigated, their assessment is given using a mathematical appa-ratus and their influence on the final indicators of the national economy is disclosed. Of particular interest is the research, which suggests possible applied models for building economic growth, both for Russia and for each of the EAEU countries. Rich in significant factual material, the work will be useful for practitioners engaged in state economic work, managers and specialists of public administration and corporate management, teachers, doc-toral students, postgraduates, students, as well as for the development of training courses, training and meth-odological manuals in the disciplines of "Political Science", "Macroeconomics", "Regional Economic Integration" and "Allocation of productive forces". Tabl.: 99; Fig.: 32; Bibl.: 509 titles.

International Airports as Growth Poles: A Case Study of Heathrow Airport

In the conditions of modern economy, factors that affect the security of the business, but relate to external resources in relation to the company or opportunities, become significant. These resources and opportunities in economics have traditionally been identified with macro-economic (economic growth, inflation, exchange rates, government support) and institutional parameters (regulatory framework, transaction costs). The influence of the quality of economic space on economic security of business through the evaluation of opportunities that are tied to the specifics of the economic space is the least researched, including in our country. In this case, according to the latest research in the field of economic geography, economic space acts as a structure-forming platform that can form local markets, with intensive interaction of business agents. The purpose of this study is ensuring of economic security by building business networks in a single economic space. The research area focuses on indicators that characterize economic space, which are successfully used in international practice to determine the quality of economic space. The realization of this approach requires the use of traditional methods of scientific research, such as analysis, comparison, graphical method for visualizing obtained results, which allows determining the agglomeration zone and the space of business networks in it. When considering economic space in relation to building a business network in improving business security, main focus is on the quality of economic space that the region has. The proposed methods of evaluating the quality of economic space are actively used to determine the possibility of building business networks in this space. The authors conclude that business networks play a crucial role in improving the economic security of business in a particular economic space. The set of proposed measures provides additional opportunities and increases the influence of economic space on business security and creates the zone of maximum external security.

(2002). Imagining the European Economy: 'Competitiveness' and the Social Construction of 'Europe' as an Economic Space. New Political Economy: Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 157-177.

Real growth in space manufacturing output substantially exceeds growth in the overall space economy

I n recent years, culture and creative industry issue have hot topics; the existing research is still immature. The formation mechanism of culture and creative industry is particularly important. In this paper, for the study of culture and creative industry cluster, this based on the literature analysis. The basic concepts involved the culture and creative industry to define, and reveal the characteristics and composition of culture and creative industry cluster. Research on t he Formation and Evolution of Spatial Layout of Culture Creative Industry Clu ster The concept of cluster involves three space: economic space, geographical space, social space. Which is the basis of geographical space, economic space is a source of social space is the key. Geographical Space is a tangible physical relationship, which consists of point, line, surface, body, etc. between geometry; Economic Space is invisible, is an abstract mathematical concept of space extending in the field of economics, It refers to a variety of economic relations between the elements of the economy. It is the location of economic phenomena and economic activity in certain geographical scope to the distribution, shape, size and form of the interaction is characterized by the existence and objective entity. Social space is invisible, can affect the relationship between social groups in which people strength spatial arrangement or distribution, social groups are perceived and utilized space, it's just a term population study. Geographical proximity is an important condition for development. Spatial agglomeration is the most prominent industrial clusters appearance characteristics. Near Space agglomeration constitute industrial is a worldwide economic phenomenon. US high-tech companies such as Silicon Valley, is the gathering place, California is the entertainment industry gathering place, Madison Avenue in New York is the US advertising industry gathering place and so on. Similarly, the link between culture and creative space industry is also based on abstract economic space in geospatial figurative. From the foregoing time dimension of cultural and creative industries formation and evolution were analyzed to describe this section focuses on its geographical space dimension. Research on t he Formation and Evolution of Time Gradient of Culture Creative Industry Clu ster From the perspective of industrial economics, the focus of enterprises is the starting point for formation. Business focus is simply the number of firms gather. When companies within the around the industrial chain to implement specialization, showing a strong effect and the formation of strong intrinsic association, feature integrated high agglomeration chain time, this gathering that has the characteristics of industrial clusters in the true sense. Thus, the formation and evolution of cultural and creative industry with environmental change is a gradual and continuous process. Therefore, it is necessary from the perspective of the time gradient dynamic analysis of the cultural and creative industry formation and evolution process.

This paper presents applications of our theory to description of particular economic problems. We give all definitions and equations in Part I and II of our work. Here we argue propagation of small perturbations of economic variables and transactions on economic space. We show that small perturbations may follow wave equations that have parallels to propagation of sound waves and surface waves in fluids. We underline that nature of economic waves is completely different from waves in physical fluids but parallels between them may be useful for their studies. Wave generation, propagation and interactions are the most general properties of any complex system. Descriptions of economic waves on economic space fill existing gap in economic modeling. Usage of economic space allows distribute agents by their risk ratings as coordinates. Agents on economic space cover economic domain bounded by minimum and maximum risk grades. Change of risk ratings of agents due to their economic activity, economic processes or other factors induce flows of economic variables, transactions and expectations. Borders of economic domain cause fluctuations of economic flows and mean risks and these fluctuations describe business cycles. For example fluctuations of credit flows model credit cycles, investment flows model investment cycles and etc. Further we model assets price disturbances as consequences of relations between transactions and expectations. As last economic sample we argue classical Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model and discuss problems those arise from modeling on economic space.

Abstract. The article is devoted to the study of the transformation of economic space of the region under the influence of marketing innovations, which is especially relevant in the conditions of modern challenges that change economic environment of Ukraine. In the context of globalisation and digitalisation of the economy, the regions are faced with the need to increase competitiveness, attract investments and intensify local development. Marketing innovations, such as the use of digital platforms, smart technologies and modern approaches to communications, contribute to the formation of new economic ties, increase the efficiency of resource use and create additional value. At the same time, the development of economic space of the region requires the implementation of comprehensive strategies that integrate innovative marketing tools to intensify the business environment, improve infrastructure and develop human capital. This allows the regions to adapt to modern challenges, such as global competition, climatic change, technological shifts, as well as to specific conditions faced by Ukraine, in particular the functioning of the economy under martial law. In such circumstances, it is especially important to ensure sustainable economic growth, support local business, optimise the use of resources and attract investment, which requires the implementation of innovative marketing approaches that can intensify regional development, even in conditions of increased instability. Thus, the study of the impact of marketing innovations on the transformation of regional economic space is important from both a scientific and practical point of view, since it contributes to the formation of theoretical foundations and the development of effective tools for regional development. The purpose of the work was to analyse the impact of modern marketing tools, such as digital technologies, artificial intelligence and personalised strategies, on the formation of regional competitiveness and the intensification of cluster development. The study uses an analytical method for systematising literary sources, a comparative method for studying the features of cluster development in different regions, as well as synthesis and generalisation methods for developing recommendations. The article considers the development of economic space of the region, which depends on many factors, among which innovations and technologies, demographic changes and infrastructure play the key role. In particular, the implementation of the latest technologies changes the structure of economic space, contributing to the emergence of new industries and business models. The chronology of transformations of economic space of the regions of Ukraine in 1991-2024 is investigated and key features of changes in each of these periods are determined. Particular attention is paid to the formation of integrated economic space, which is an important aspect of modern regional development. It is established that this process depends on the influence of a number of factors and faces numerous challenges that slow down its implementation. The development of clusters, infrastructural integration, digitalisation and ecological component are among promising directions of the formation of integrated economic space. It is noted that the creation of sectoral and intersectoral clusters contributes to the integration of enterprises and organisations working in related fields. The development of a modern transport and logistics network ensures the connectivity of the region, uniting different territories into a single system. The use of digital technologies in the processes of economic space management increases the effectiveness of interaction between its entities, and the integration of environmental standards contributes to the formation of a sustainable economic space. The role of marketing innovations in the transformation of economic space of the regions of Ukraine is considered. Examples of implementation of innovative approaches, including the activities of the Kharkiv IT cluster and the development of Lviv tourist brand, which illustrate positive impact of marketing innovations on regional economy, are given. The impact of modern technologies on marketing strategies is investigated and an instrumental matrix for assessing the impact of marketing innovations on regional economic space is proposed. This matrix can be the basis for developing practical decisions aimed at stimulating regional development and ensuring sustainable economic growth. The results of the work demonstrate that innovative marketing strategies help to strengthen economic integration, develop industry clusters, create a favorable business environment and attract investment

The New Space Economy, a dynamic frontier driven by private and public sector innovation, is transforming humanity’s relationship with space. Characterized by reduced launch costs, advancements in reusable rocketry, and the proliferation of low-cost satellites, the New Space Economy has democratized access to space, fostering a competitive and inclusive environment. This study employs a secondary qualitative methodology, integrating data from academic publications, industry reports, and government documents to provide a comprehensive analysis of the emerging opportunities, challenges, and strategic pathways shaping this economy. This research contributes to the academic and practical understanding of the New Space Economy by identifying avenues for innovation, investment, and collaboration that drive economic growth and sustainability in the space sector. It provides recommendations to policymakers, investors, and industry leaders, addressing barriers to entry, regulatory challenges, and technological limitations. Additionally, it enhances stakeholder awareness of the transformative potential of space activities in tackling global challenges such as climate change, resource scarcity, and economic inequality. This paper emphasizes the transformative potential of the New Space Economy in driving economic growth, addressing global challenges, and fostering sustainability, providing actionable insights for stakeholders to harness its full potential and contribute to a prosperous future in space.

In much of the literature on economic development, sustained economic growth is expected to be accompanied by several interrelated processes of structure change, which involve a shift in economic activities from ‘traditional’ / agricultural / informal to ‘modern’ / industrial / formal sectors. Such transitions are usually accompanied by a transition in the economic dependence of households towards relatively ‘modern’ and formal segments of the economy, along with a rise in their general economic well-being. In this paper, we examine the Indian economy using the only available household-level pan-India panel data over the high growth period between 2005 and 2011-12, to analyse the patterns and natures of household-level transitions across sectors and identify factors that affected the likelihood and nature of such transitions. We categorize households based on their primary income sources into seven sectors characterised by varying degrees of formality/informality and various production structures and labour processes. We find that while substantial proportion of households have transitioned across these sectors during the period, there has been a continued reproduction of the same economic structure, including a regeneration of dependence on ‘traditional’ informal sector and casual wage employment, which are often expected to dissolve over time with high economic growth. To ascertain the nature of these transitions (‘favorable’ or ‘unfavorable’), we employ a ‘counterfactual’ analysis. Contrary to some recent influential literature, we find that, on an average, the transitions towards informal and ‘traditional’ economic spaces are ‘unfavourable’ in nature in terms of well-being of households. Further, using a multinomial logit regression framework, we find that the likelihood and nature of these transitions are largely dependent on household characteristics like levels of education and social caste, some of which are structurally given and cannot be optimally chosen by households. The results show that despite significant churning in the economy, the structure continues to remain fractured, with substantial ‘unfavourable’ transitions towards economic spaces that are continuously reshuffled and reconstituted.