New radiocarbon dates for the Greenbrier site, a sixteenth century town on the White River, Independence County, Arkansas

Fluvial responses to late Holocene hydroclimate variability in the midcontinental United States

SUMMARY Inconsistencies between (lightweight optical pumped) magnetometers in total field gradiometer surveys can introduce instrument-dependent responses, complicating geological interpretation. Here, we present an equivalent source-based processing method that combines equivalent sources with kernel regression to eliminate these instrument-dependent responses. We evaluate the method using a drone-borne triangular gradiometer survey from Rånbogen, Arctic Norway. The Rånbogen survey exhibits instrument-dependent responses in the measured total field differences, likely resulting from differences in the magnetometer’s heading error and the complexities from the induced field from the system itself. A synthetic gradiometer survey was generated to test the method, where different nonlinear synthetic heading errors were added to the synthetic magnetometer readings. The equivalent source-based processing method effectively removed these heading errors while constructing an equivalent source model that fits the actual underlying synthetic model. Furthermore, applying the method to the Rånbogen survey removes the data’s correlation to its orientation, thereby minimizing the effect of the instrument-dependent response. The method condenses the gradiometer data to a single equivalent source surface where the derivatives of the total field can be calculated to facilitate interpretation. The results suggest that the equivalent source-based method removes the inconsistencies between the magnetometers in a total field gradiometer survey, allowing for drone-borne gradiometer systems with multiple lightweight magnetometers.

Purpose. The article presents results of new research at one of the most prominent Early Neolithic enclosed settlements in the North of Western Siberia – the stronghold of Kayukovo-2, which is characterized by a regular architectural plan with one central and five surrounding buildings, pottery of a specific shape and type, including flat as well as conical bases and complex ornamentation, and an original complex of stone artefacts. Results. In 2018, the investigation of building structure no. 4 was continued; for the reconstruction of the paleo-landscape, soil samples were investigated in the adjacent peatland, new radiocarbon dates were obtained, and analyses of the material complex represented by fragments of ceramics, products from clay-like raw materials and clay, stone artefacts, and clusters of small bone fragments was carried out. Building no. 4 was identified as a semi-sunken dwelling structure with a hearth in the centre, a small connecting corridor to building no. 7, and a link to the large central building no. 6. In 2019, new trenches confirmed the existence of a ditch circumscribing the settlement complex. Palaeoenvironmental research shows that during the period of use of the site, the closest water body was located c. 100 m from the terrace shore. The radiocarbon dates available up to now indicate a time of functioning of the ancient settlement in the first centuries of the 6th millennium cal BC. The ceramic material belongs to the complex of early flat-based hunter-gatherer pottery of Western Siberia, a tradition which probably spread from the Baraba forest-steppe and the Ishim region to the Northern Trans-Urals around 6000 cal BC. Conclusion. The reasons for the emergence of the northernmost fortified settlements in Eurasia among hunter-gatherer communities with complex architecture and specific ceramics, the role of internal socio-cultural mechanisms and external influences, and environmental factors in their formation continue to be under discussion and require further research.

В статье рассматривается хронология памятников раннего неолита лесостепного Заволжья, которая опирается на радиоуглеродные определения, полученные по фрагментам керамики. Радиоуглеродные даты по памятникам елшанской и средневолжской культур собраны в две таблицы. В них графически представлен вероятностный интервал для каждой даты. За условную статистическую единицу принят хронологический интервал продолжительностью 125 лет. На основе статистических данных автором построены графики, которые отражают частоту встречаемости дат по периодам продолжительностью 250 лет. По памятникам елшанской культуры наибольшая концентрация радиоуглеродных дат наблюдается на хронологическом отрезке 5875-5250 cal ВС (39% всех дат). Вдвое меньше дат зафиксировано на отрезке 4750-4500 cal ВС (21%). Только 12% радиоуглеродных дат приходится на интервал 6750-6250 cal ВС, который относится исследователями к периоду формирования елшанских древностей. На наш взгляд, елшанская культура не могла существовать в неизменном виде столь продолжительное время. Столь значительный разброс во времени, видимо, объясняется несовершенством метода датирования и наличием «резервуарных эффектов» различного рода. Елшанская культура, вероятно, существовала в период 5875-5250 cal ВС. На заключительном этапе бытования елшанских древностей (5500-5250 cal ВС) на их основе происходит сложение памятников средневолжской культуры.

The article publishes materials from the study of one mound complex with a “moustache,” studied in the Tekey Valley, in the Sarybel district of the Karaganda region. The site consists of two mounds located along the west-east line, and two stone ridges oriented to the east. A child’s burial was found in the western mound at the level of the ancient horizon; under the eastern mound there were teeth and leg bones of a horse. A few fragments of ceramics were found in the mound of the western structure. Two radiocarbon dates were obtained on bone samples from a child’s cervical vertebra and a horse’s tubular bone in laboratories in the Russian Federation and Great Britain. On their basis, the horse bones under the eastern mound were attributed to the Hunnic period, while the child burial in the western mound was attributed to the late Saka period. The ceramic fragments can be dated to the initial stage of the Early Iron Age. Based on the features of the mound and the ceramics, the western mound was built at the beginning of the Early Iron Age. The child’s burial with a north-eastern orientation belongs to the Korgantas type and was inserted into an earlier mound. The obtained materials, including new radiocarbon dates, supplement the existing data on kurgans with “moustache” in Central Kazakhstan.

Biochemostratigraphy of the Eger floodplain (Southern Germany) - Detection and quantification of heavy metal contamination and paleoenvironmental conditions: The basic dataset.

VIRVELINĖS KERAMIKOS KULTŪRA LIETUVOJE 2800–2400 cal BC

The paper deals with the chronology of the early Neolithic forest-steppe Zavolzhye monuments, which is based on radiocarbon definitions obtained from fragments of ceramics. Radiocarbon dates on Elshanskaya and Srednevolzhskaya culture monuments are collected in two tables. They are graphically represented by a probability interval for each date. For the conditional statistical unit the chronological interval of 125 years is accepted. On the basis of statistical data, the author has constructed graphs that reflect the frequency of dates occurrence for periods of 250 years. As for the Elshanskaya culture monuments the highest concentration of radiocarbon dates occurs on a chronological segment 58755250 cal BC (39% of all dates). Half of the dates are recorded on the segment 47504500 cal BC (21%). Only 12% of radiocarbon dates are in 67506250 cal BC, which belongs to the period of the Elshanskaya antiquities development. In our opinion, Elshanskaya culture could not exist unchanged for such a long time. Such a significant variation in time is apparently due to the imperfection of the dating method and the presence of reservoir effects of various kinds. Elshanskaya culture probably existed in 58755250 cal BC. At the final stage of Elshanskaya antiquities existence (55005250 cal BC) the monuments of Srednevolzhskaya culture started to develop.

New radiocarbon dates from prehistoric Non Nok Tha, Don Kok Pho and Don Pa Daeng, upper Nam Phong watershed, Khon Kaen Province, Northeast Thailand

Site 41MM341 is a stratified Late Prehistoric site along the Little River in Milam County, Texas, not far from the confluence of the Little River and the Brazos River. Calibrated two-sigma radiocarbon dates from Zone 2 (ca. 70-90 em bs) range from AD 660-1190, and one two-sigma calibrated date of AD 1320- 1480 has been obtained from Zone I (0 to ca. 70 em bs). A few ceramic sherds were found in Zone 1 deposits. Based on the Zone 1 calibrated radiocarbon date, Mahoney and Tomka concluded that the latest occupation of 41MM341 took place during the Toyah phase, and they also concluded that "based on construction method and temper, these fcera.micj specimens are likely to date to the later part of the Late Prehistoric Period."

Nine areas, totalling 1.3ha were excavated after evaluation and desk-based assessment at land near Crowdhill, Eastleigh (NGR 448830 119560). Features were densest in Areas 1 and 2, with evidence dating from the Palaeolithic to the early Romano- British period. Three pieces of flint from a Long Blade assemblage were recovered, probably from a small localised scatter. A core tool rough-out, probably for a Mesolithic tranchet axe, was found in a pit with charred hazelnut shells from which two radiocarbon dates were obtained. Two cremation graves, each containing urned deposits, and an urned 'cenotaph' provide information about the inhabitants of the area although contemporary settlement evidence is lacking. By the Late Bronze Age there was evidence for settlement in the form of a pit containing flint-tempered pottery, worked flint and burnt flint along with charred cereal grain. A radiocarbon date was obtained on charred cereal grain from this pit confirming its age. There was sparse evidence for occupation in the late prehistoric period but by the early Romano-British period a number of ditches and intercutting pits as well as artefactual material (pottery, ceramic building material, fired clay and saddle quern fragments) indicates the presence of a small rural settlement in the vicinity of the site.

Numerous remains of ancient mining and smelting activities in the leadzinc deposit of western Thasos island, which have been visited in September 1979, are described. Mining-archaeological, mineralogical , chemical and lead-isotopical studies on samples from the Marlou region show that lead ores have been mined and that silver extraction was possible. Radiocarbon dates from charcoal found in two ancient galleries prove Roman mining. Ceramic fragments from Skoridia slag heap, which have been dated by TL, also show Roman activity and provide some evidence of earlier workings at this site. The chemical and lead-isotopic composition of these ores and slags is compared with that of archaic Thasian silver coins and of lead clamps from antique Thasos city.

В статье освещаются результаты применения междисциплинарного подхода к датированию памятников срубного и срубно-алакульского типов позд него бронзового века Южного Приуралья (Казбуруновский археологический микрорайон, Республика Башкортостан). Для радиоуглеродного датирования отобран 21 образец из закрытых комплексов Казбуруновского I курганного могильника и объектов на поселениях Усманово-3 и Мурадым-4. Погребальные комплексы про датированы по коллагену корня зуба и коллагену фрагментов компакты бедренной кости, поселенческие – по фрагментам керамики и гумусу из заполнения жилищ и с их полов. Сравнение результатов радиоуглеродного датирования погребальных (кость) и поселенческих материалов (керамика, гумус) продемонстрировало слабую степень сопряженности между собой. Проведены палеоантропологические определения, а также ДНК-анализы костных останков погребенных, позволившие установить степень родства некоторых из них, выявить последовательность совершения погребений и уточнить их относительную датировку. The paper describes the results of the interdisciplinary approach ap plied to dating of the Late Bronze Age sites of the Srubnaya and Srubnaya-Alakul type in the Southern Urals region (Kazburun archaeological micro-district, Republic of Bash kortostan). A total of 21 samples were selected from closed contexts at the Kazburun I kurgan cemetery and the sites at the Usmanovo-3 and Muradym-4 settlements for radiocarbon dating. The burial assemblages were dated based on the collagen of a dental root and the collagen of fragments of a thighbone substantia compacta, whereas the as semblages from the settlements were dated using ceramic fragments and humus from the dwelling infill and from dwelling floors. The compared results of the radiocarbon dating of the funerary (bone) and settlement materials (ceramics, humus) were found to be weak ly correlated. The study also focused on paleoanthropological determinations, including 416 Н. Б. Щербаков и др. DNA analysis of bone remains of the buried individuals, making it possible to determine the degree of relationship between some of them, identify the sequence of the burials made and clarify their relative chronology.

Cercetările arheologice din cimitirul atribuit epocii bronzului identificat la Câmpina (Prahova) au debutat în anul 2008. Primele trei campanii arheologice (2008– 2010) au fost deja valorificate extins într-un volum, dar şi sintetic în articole ştiinţifice, rapoarte arheologice, cataloage şi pliante de expoziţii. În acest studiu ne-am propus publicarea rezultatelor cercetărilor arheologice din anii 2011 şi 2012, completând astfel pentru cei interesaţi pachetul de informaţii ce deja a văzut lumina tiparului. Cercetările ce au avut iniţial un caracter de salvare, s-au derulat în cinci campanii succesive în intervalul anilor 2008– 2012. Au fost descoperite 57 de morminte, câteva deranjate, resturi de oase umane izolate provenind de la mai mulţi indivizi ale căror morminte de inhumaţie au fost afectate de complexe medievale târzii sau recente. Tot în acest sit au fost identificate o serie de complexe asemănătoare unor morminte în care sunt prezente vase/ fragmente, dar lipsesc ori nu s-au conservat oasele umane. Acestea par a fi morminte simbolice. Au fost cercetate atât mormintele de inhumaţie cât şi de incineraţie. Ca rit de înmormântare predomină înhumarea ce acoperă din punct de vedere procentual aproape 80% din numărul total de indivizi identificaţi. Inventarul mormintelor semnalează prezenţa unor elemente specifice culturilor Noua şi Monteoru, iar în trei dintre mormintele de inhumaţie au fost descoperite vase decorate în manieră specifică culturii Tei. Câteva morminte de incineraţie au o ceramică ce deocamdată este mai greu de încadrat cultural, dar o serie de corelaţii, analogii şi alte detalii de rit şi ritual (tipologia complexelor, apariţia unor vase cu gura în jos, pasta nisipoasă, distribuţia în plan etc.) reflectă contemporaneitatea acestora cu celelalte complexe funerare. Datările radiocarbon şi elementele de cronologie relativă indică evoluţia acestui cimitir în etapa târzie a epocii bronzului.

In 2014 a 13-metres long palaeopedological section has been sampled in the courtyard of Sant’Orsola Hospital (Bologna) to make a paleoenvironmental reconstruction of the area and to better understand the environmental dynamics occurring at the Chalcolithic site found at the depth of 5 metres. Pedological horizons have been grouped in 14 Soil Units (SU), 3 of which show a strong blackening. Chronological reference points are the 13230±70 cal. yr BP radiocarbon dated ACkb horizon of SU 10 (the lowest black horizon), the Chalcolithic charcoal horizon of SU 4 (the topmost) and the top-section Roman horizon of SU 1, the latter recognised thanks to some ceramic fragments. The other black horizon didn’t show specific characters on the field. Fossa Cavallina creek is the main driver of local depositional and environmental dynamics, while human presence is a subordinate factor. At first, geomorphological and chemical multianalysis have provided data to understand pedological conditions; secondly, palynological analysis has not only allowed to better characterise the environmental changes and their local drivers, but it also permitted to putatively assign the basal SU 14 to the Bolling interstadial, even though no diagnostic pedological features [AES 7b Vignola Unit’s A-Bw-Bt-Bk-C 2 m-thick reddish dark brown non calcareous Alfisol sensu Martelli et al. (editors), 2009] had been found. These results stress the striking importance of an integrated geomorphological, pedological and palynological approach towards the study of continental pedogenised deposits.