Abstract
Two nemadectin congeners 1 and 2 were isolated from the fermentation broth of a mutant strain (Y-3) of Streptomyces microflavus neau3. Their structures were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis and comparison with data from the literature. Compound 2 possessed a 5-membered ring lactone that is unprecedented among known milbemycins and avermectins. Both compounds 1 and 2 exhibited potent acaricidal activity and nematocidal activity. Especially, compound 2 demonstrated impressive acaricidal activity against adult mites with an IC50 of 2.3±0.9μg/mL and mite eggs with an IC50 of 17.5±2.1μg/mL and nematocidal activity against Caenorhabditis elegans with an IC50 of 0.7±0.2μg/mL, which are higher than those of nemadectin and the known commercial acaricide and nematocide milbemycin A3/A4.
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