Abstract
In the present study, the metal-binding property of chitosan is used to incorporate titanium metal and applied as an adsorbent for fluoride adsorption. Titanium macrospheres (TM) were synthesized by a precipitation method and characterized by FTIR, SEM, and XRD. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models were applied to describe the adsorption equilibrium and the adsorption capacities were calculated. Thermodynamic parameters of standard free energy change ( Δ G ○ ), standard enthalpy change ( Δ H ○ ), and standard entropy change ( Δ S ○ ) were also calculated. The effects of various physico-chemical parameters such as pH, initial concentration, adsorbent dose, and the presence of coexisting anions were studied. The fluoride uptake was maximum at neutral pH 7 and decreased in acidic and alkaline pH. The presence of coexisting anions has a negative effect on fluoride adsorption. TM was found to have very fast kinetics in the first 30 min and then the rate slowed down as equilibrium was approached. A comparison of fluoride removal in simulated and field water shows a high adsorption capacity in simulated water.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
