Abstract
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) have provided unprecedented advances in the design of electrochemical sensors. They are composed by sp2 carbon units oriented as multiple concentric tubes of rolled-up graphene, and present remarkable active surface area, chemical inertness, high strength, and low charge-transfer resistance in both aqueous and non-aqueous solutions. MWCNT are very versatile and have been boosting the development of a new generation of electrochemical sensors with application in medicine, pharmacology, food industry, forensic chemistry, and environmental fields. This work highlights the most important synthesis methods and relevant electrochemical properties of MWCNT for the construction of electrochemical sensors, and the numerous configurations and successful applications of these devices. Thousands of studies have been attesting to the exceptional electroanalytical performance of these devices, but there are still questions in MWCNT electrochemistry that deserve more investigation, aiming to provide new outlooks and advances in this field. Additionally, MWCNT-based sensors should be further explored for real industrial applications including for on-line quality control.
Highlights
Several nanomaterials have been exploited for different purposes, but carbon nanotubes (CNT)
Triggering an electrical arc-discharge between two electrodes, a plasma composed by carbon and metallic catalysts vapor is electrical arch-discharge (EAD) is relatively less expensive, offers better yield quality, but involves high temperature for synthesis [21,22,23]
A pulsed or continuous laser beam is focused on catalyst-based graphite pellet, which is placed at the center of a quartz tube filled with an inert gas and kept at 1200 ◦ C
Summary
Several nanomaterials have been exploited for different purposes, but carbon nanotubes (CNT). [15]; these effects may be electrochemical interaction analyte-electrode into a useful analytical signal” [15]; these effects may be promoted electrically a spontaneous interaction at the zero-current condition [15]. In this study, these will critical highlighted and discussed, addressing exciting issues from the synthesis to their application variables will be highlighted and discussed, addressing exciting issues from the MWCNT synthesis in electrochemical biosensors design. March literature concerning this subject in Thomson Reuters, Web of Science was reviewed from 2013 to
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