Abstract
Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe argue that, around the turn of the twentieth century, working-class fragmentation forced an unresolvable crisis upon Marxist theory and practice. This crisis revolves around Marxist theory’s notion of the working class as the revolutionary subject and the problem that arises when this notion fails to materialize in the real world. While taking this criticism seriously, the current essay also explores the question of whether or not this crisis is in fact unresolvable and inherent to Marxist theory as such. This is accomplished by turning to the thought of two nonacademic Marxist thinkers, C. L. R. James and Raya Dunayevskaya. Ultimately, this essay points toward possible alternative conceptions of Marxism’s revolutionary subject(s).
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