Abstract
Epoxy resin plays a key role in composite matrices and DGEBA is the major precursor used. With the aim of favouring the use of bio resources, epoxy resins can be prepared from lignin. In particular, diglycidyl ether of isoeugenol derivatives are good candidates for the replacement of DGEBA. This article presents an effective and eco-friendly way to prepare epoxy resin derived from isoeugenol (BioIgenox), making its upscale possible. BioIgenox has been totally characterized by NMR, FTIR, MS and elemental analyses. Curing of BioIgenox and camphoric anhydride with varying epoxide function/anhydride molar ratios has allowed determining an optimum ratio near 1/0.9 based on DMA and DSC analyses and swelling behaviours. This thermoset exhibits a Tg measured by DMA of 165 °C, a tensile storage modulus at 40 °C of 2.2 GPa and mean 3-point bending stiffness, strength and strain at failure of 3.2 GPa, 120 MPa and 6.6%, respectively. Transposed to BioIgenox/hexahydrophtalic anhydride, this optimized formulation gives a thermoset with a Tg determined by DMA of 140 °C and a storage modulus at 40 °C of 2.6 GPa. The thermal and mechanical properties of these two thermosets are consistent with their use as matrices for structural or semi-structural composites.
Highlights
Epoxy thermosets result from a polymerization reaction between an epoxy resin and a hardener, mainly polyamine or acid anhydride
In the course of our research in the development of high-performance epoxy materials, the synthesis of a bio-based epoxy resin has been improved with the aim of making its scale-up possible
The removal of chromatography purification step has led to the obtaining of a monomers mixture synthesis of a bio-based epoxy resin has been improved with the aim of making its scale-up possible
Summary
Epoxy thermosets result from a polymerization reaction between an epoxy resin and a hardener, mainly polyamine or acid anhydride. Its synthesis results from the reaction between two molecules of epichlorohydrin and a molecule of bisphenol A (BPA). The use of DGEBA has two major drawbacks: BPA used in its synthesis is petro-sourced and, secondly, BPA, an endocrine disruptor [2,3], is released during ageing of DGEBA based epoxy thermosets. Oxidation of unsaturated triglycerides derived from soybean [4] or linseed [5] have led to epoxy precursors. Their long hydrocarbon chains do not provide for the resulting mechanical and thermal properties required for high-grade materials
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