Abstract
This study aims at better constraining the link between magmatism and metallogeny in the south-easternmost sector of the Bor Metallogenetic Zone (BMZ), where the world-class copper and gold deposit of Čukaru Peki was recently discovered. The obtained U/Pb zircon ages confirm the earlier knowledge that the major Cu–Au porphyry and epithermal mineralization in the BMZ is genetically related to the first volcanic phase (‘Timok andesite’; 85–90 Ma). However, the data also suggest that during this phase, two subgroups of andesite porphyry were formed; they are named volcanic phase 1A (V1A) and volcanic phase 1B (V1B). The V1A andesite (89–90 Ma) is plagioclase-hornblende phyric, holocrystalline and ubiquitously hydrothermally altered and/or mineralized, whereas the V1B (85–86 Ma) is hornblende-plagioclase phyric, holo- to hypocrystalline, fresh, and non-mineralized. According to our simplified model, the contrasting productivity of the V1A and V1B is explained by fluctuations during AFC (assimilation-fractional crystallization) processes of water-rich parental magma, which have controlled the order of crystallization of hornblende and plagioclase in the V1A and V1B andesite.
Highlights
The Bor Metallogenetic Zone (BMZ) is part of the Late Cretaceous Apuseni-Banat-TimokSrednogorje Belt (ABTS; [1,2]), which belongs to the transcontinental Tethyan-Eurasian MetallogenicBelt [3]
According to our simplified model, the contrasting productivity of the volcanic phase 1A (V1A) and volcanic phase 1B (V1B) is explained by fluctuations during AFC processes of water-rich parental magma, which have controlled the order of crystallization of hornblende and plagioclase in the V1A
The oldest, first phase andesite (‘Timok andesite’) occurs in the easternmost part of the BMZ, along with the major Cu–Au porphyry and epithermal ore deposits; newly obtained U/Pb zircon ages of these rocks reveal an age range of 85–90 Ma, which roughly overlaps with the earlier estimates
Summary
The Bor Metallogenetic Zone (BMZ) is part of the Late Cretaceous Apuseni-Banat-TimokSrednogorje Belt (ABTS; [1,2]), which belongs to the transcontinental Tethyan-Eurasian MetallogenicBelt [3]. The easternmost sector is Srednogorje and it has preserved the original W–E orientation of the entire belt The latter two sectors: Timok and Banat-Apuseni are currently elongated N–S, due to Cenozoic (Miocene) clockwise rotations that produced a sharp inflection between the Timok and Srednogorje parts [4,5,6]. The studies have covered various geological aspects of the origin and evolution of this belt and established a solid genetic link between magmatic and mineralization processes. This knowledge is mainly based on stratigraphic relationships and geochronological data, including Ar-Ar [8,9], U-Pb zircon (e.g., [2,11,13])
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