New Atheist’s View on Theological: A Critical Analysis on Sam Harris’ Thought

This study aims to determine the pattern of systematic variation in language use based on social and linguistic factors seen from a pragmatic point of view. This type of research uses qualitative research methods. The data collection technique used in this study is a library research method that focuses on the study of various literature by analyzing the content in it. In addition, the data collection research used in this study was observation and interviews. The data analysis technique used is a content analysis technique. The research sample in this article is the people from Medan. Based on the results of the research that language can affect systematic variation based on social and linguistic factors. Based on pragmatic linguistic factors, language use can influence systematic variation due to several factors, such as habitual factors, environmental factors, and interest factors in certain language styles. While social factors can affect systematic variations in language use, especially occupational factors, because the work environment greatly determines how a person's language style in everyday life.This study aims to determine the pattern of systematic variation in language use based on social and linguistic factors seen from a pragmatic point of view. This type of research uses qualitative research methods. The data collection technique used in this study is a library research method that focuses on the study of various literature by analyzing the content in it. In addition, the data collection research used in this study was observation and interviews. The data analysis technique used is a content analysis technique. The research sample in this article is the people from Medan. Based on the results of the research that language can affect systematic variation based on social and linguistic factors. Based on pragmatic linguistic factors, language use can influence systematic variation due to several factors, such as habitual factors, environmental factors, and interest factors in certain language styles. While social factors can affect systematic variations in language use, especially occupational factors, because the work environment greatly determines how a person's language style in everyday life.

<div class="WordSection1"><p>I am honored for being an alumnus of KEMC, and am delighted to write this editorial for the Annals. I have, ever since done my research and taught qualitative methods, felt that clinical methods are quite akin to qualitative research. Then, why only few clinical researchers use qualitative methods? A witness to this assumption is the research published in the Annals. In this treatise, I try to identify some parallels between the two types of methods and argue for the clinicians to invest in learning qualitative research methods to practice clinical methods well.</p><p> Qualitative research is to identify and interpret issues from the perspective of participants, their experience of: illness or disability, using health service, and to appreciate the meanings they give to the behaviour, events or objects in the context of their social and cultural norms. In this type of research, the emphasis is on exploring the associations and understanding the phenomenon in its holism; and not, like in quantitative research, from an outsider’s perspective and for certain specific aspects.<sup>1</sup> It requires participants with specific characteristics, selected purposely that can best inform the research topic. More participants, identified inductively during data collection, are added to develop full and multiple perspectives about the cases.<sup>2</sup></p><p> No preset data collection tool is used, instead qualitative researcher guided by a research question acts as an instrument, since the line of enquiry he changes during data collection as new understanding is gained and/or the situation changes.<sup>3</sup> The data for research is derived from the observation, interviews or verbal interactions, focus group discussions, document reviews, life histories etc. and the researcher asks why, how and under what circumstances things occur; and not just what, where and when. It is recorded in words or pictures and log book is used to record notes arising from interviews, observations, extracts from documents etc.</p><p> In health care settings patients are the subjects for clinical methods. The clinician, even prior to any verbal communication, observes the patient, e.g. for his gait and appearance. If in a bed or examination couch, his posture could give some clue to the illness. Inspection, a clinical method, is like systematic observation, which is qualitative method, should be holistic. In my third year during bedside teaching, Professor (late) Rashid Ahmed Qureshi said, <em>“patient has come to you as a whole and not his stomach in a tray”</em>, when a student straight went to examine abdomen of a patient with acute abdomen. History taking, another clinical method, is like conducting semi structured in depth interview – a qualitative research method. In both disciplines, we are told, <em>“not to ask leading, but follow up and probing questions”; </em>and Professor (late) Alamgir Khan, while teaching clinical methods, would add, <em>“if a good history is taken, you will establish diagnosis in over 65% of cases”. </em>Likewise, as part of history taking, documents related to patient’s illness history and treatment are reviewed similar to document review in qualitative research.</p><p> The two approaches however differ in how the data is analysed. In clinical practice, diagnosis is established based on the pathophysiological knowledge or patient’s clinical condition is discussed in clinicopathological conference.<sup>4</sup> On the other hand, qualitative research employs meaning based data analysis, whereby the qualitative data is transformed into some form of explanation, understanding or interpretation of people and situation that is investigated.<sup>5,6</sup></p><p> In conclusion, the history, the observation and the review of document related to patient are since obtainned using qualitative methods, the clinician trained in these methods could not only conduct these methods well but also interpret the data to identify and detect obstacles to the change in clinical condition and the reasons why improvement does or does not occur.<sup>7</sup> Finally, while it is heartening that research forums are organised in the institutions affiliated with KEMU, in order the research is richer, the researchers’ skills in qualitative research methods should be built.</p></div>

<p class="06IsiAbstrak"><span lang="EN-US">Indonesia is an archipelagic country that is famous for its ethnic, racial, religious and cultural diversity</span><span lang="TH">. </span><span lang="EN-US">This diversity is widespread in every area from Sabang to Merauke</span><span lang="TH">. </span><span lang="EN-US">The diversity of ethnicity, race, religion, and culture is in line with the many traditions that exist in every region in Indonesia</span><span lang="TH">. </span><span lang="EN-US">Each region has traditions and rituals that have their own meaning and purpose</span><span lang="TH">. </span><span lang="EN-US">One of them is the sea picking tradition carried out by the Muncar community, Banyuwangi Regency</span><span lang="TH">. </span><span lang="EN-US">This tradition has its own meaning and purpose for the people around Muncar</span><span lang="TH">. </span><span lang="EN-US">This study uses a qualitative research method with a case study approach. </span><span lang="EN-US">This study aims to analyze the Petik Laut tradition with the perspective of the sociology of disaster</span><span lang="TH">. </span><span lang="EN-US">The results of this study indicate that the Picking Laut tradition carried out by the Muncar community is a ritual to ask for safety for fishermen to avoid disasters while looking for fish in the sea</span></p>

<em><span lang="EN-US">Pesantren</span></em><span lang="EN-US"> or Islamic boarding school plays a vital and strategic role in improving environmentally sound education. </span><em><span lang="EN-US">Eco-pesantren</span></em><span lang="EN-US"> is a movement that puts a high concern for the environment. This study aimed to analyze </span><em><span lang="EN-US">eco-pesantren</span></em><span lang="EN-US"> modeling techniques in education. It is a case study with a qualitative research method. The research was conducted at Islamic Boarding School Sumber Mental Agama Allah (SPMAA), Turi Lamongan, East Java, Indonesia. Data were collected by observation, interviews, questionnaires, and document studies. This research concluded that modeling techniques can at least be pursued in four main ways: the individual role model of </span><em><span lang="EN-US">pesantren</span></em><span lang="EN-US"> leaders; infrastructure and their use; governance systems; and culture or traditions. Besides, using integrated modeling techniques at both school and </span><em><span lang="EN-US">pesantren</span></em><span lang="EN-US"> culture can increase insight and application of environmentally friendly behavior through a direct observation and habituation of healthy educational practices. Modeling can help students turn abstract ideas of green life into actual implementations. Direct observation of continuous practices equips students with the knowledge required to perform expected behaviors. Research on modeling assists </span><em><span lang="EN-US">eco-pesantren</span></em><span lang="EN-US"> institutions encourage learning and practices about healthy environment. In the global context, it can be a role model for the implementation of environmentally friendly education that promotes environmentally sound learning.</span>

<span class="y2iqfc"><span lang="EN">This study aims to examine the adaptation of the Toba Batak community in the preservation and maintenance of the Lake Toba environment in Samosir Regency. The occurrence of environmental damage to Lake Toba is due to the behavior of the Toba Batak community influenced by its socio-cultural values </span><span lang="EN">towards the Lake Toba environment. To re-maintain the Lake Toba environment, the Toba Batak community must adapt to the changing environment of Lake Toba. The method used in this research is a qualitative research method. With qualitative methods, researchers conducted in-depth interviews with informants, namely the Toba Batak community in Samosir Regency. The informants interviewed in this study were 13 people representing community leaders, religious leaders, government, NGOs, and environmental activists living in Samosir Regency. In addition to conducting in-depth interviews, researchers also carried out participatory observation and literature study. </span></span><span lang="EN">The results show that the occurrence of environmental damage to Lake Toba is due to the behavior of the Toba Batak people who are influenced by maladaptive socio-cultural values </span><span lang="EN">to the Lake Toba environment. Efforts taken for the preservation and maintenance of the Lake Toba environment, in addition to repositioning cultural values </span><span lang="EN">that are counterproductive to environmental preservation, also develop the cultural values </span><span lang="EN">(local wisdom) of the Toba Batak that are adaptive to the Lake Toba environment</span>

<em><span lang="EN-US">Hinduism in Indonesia, especially that which was inherited in Bali, is a combination of ancestral beliefs (pre-Hindu) with Vedic teachings that came to the archipelago and blended harmoniously to form sivasiddhanta in Bali. This paper uses two combined theories, namely the theory of hermeneutics, and the theory of symbolic interactionism. The method in collecting data uses the listen-to method, which is combined with basic note-taking techniques. followed by using data analysis methods and techniques which include (1) Data Reduction, (2) Data Presentation, and (3) Verification. It ends with the method of presenting the results of data analysis using an informal method. The text of the Lontar Bhuana Sangk</span><span lang="EN-US">ṣ</span><span lang="EN-US">epa contains a dialogue between Bha</span><span lang="EN-US">ṭ</span><span lang="EN-US">āra Siwa and Bha</span><span lang="EN-US">ṭ</span><span lang="EN-US">āri Uma accompanied by Bha</span><span lang="EN-US">ṭ</span><span lang="EN-US">āra Kumara. Lontar Bhuana Sangk</span><span lang="EN-US">ṣ</span><span lang="EN-US">epa consists of 128 Sanskrit Slokas with Old Javanese language, the contents of which explain how to achieve kalepasan with the teachings of Yoga. The concept of the 33 Vedic Gods or what is known as Ista Dewata is transformed into the social religious practice of Hinduism in Bali with the pangider-ider or Dewata Nawa Saga. then those are the forms of grounding the Vedic teachings that can be seen in the practice of Hindu religious life in Bali.</span></em>

In the world of politics, the use of social media can also be an opportunity for new political parties to introduce their parties to the public. Political marketing via social media nowadays is one of the effective marketing techniques used by a number of political actors and political parties in Indonesia, especially for new political parties, because social media can make it easier to disseminate information related to the political party. This study used qualitative research methods. The aim is to explain the phenomenon in as much detail as possible through data collection and the object of this research includes the Jambi City National Mandate Party. The method used in this research is a literature review. Literature review is a systematic process of collecting, evaluating, and synthesizing literature related to a particular research topic. Data collection and documentation techniques from Google Schoolar. Data analysis and critical review techniques. Critical review is a process of critical evaluation and analysis of a particular work or topic. Political marketing strategies teach parties to be able to differentiate their political products and image through the political marketing process. There are 4 marketing mixes in the world of politics, namely: Product, Promotion, Price, Placement.

The emergence of literature is motivated by the existence of a basic human urge to express his existence through the literary works he creates. Therefore, not a few people are competing to carve their existence by producing various types of literary works. The large number of literary works that were born from the hands of modern and classical writers cannot be separated from the analysis and study of linguists and literary experts. The study of literary works can be viewed from various points of view, one of which is from the character's point of view. The purpose of writing this thesis is to show and obtain a picture of the main character's emotions in the form of joy, anger, fear and sadness as well as the causes of the emotions of the main character in the film Sang Mortar by Helfi Kardit. Research on the film Sang Mortar by Helfi Kardit uses literary psychology theory with the psychoanalysis of Sigmund Freud with qualitative research methods. Data collection techniques in this study used library study techniques and descriptive analysis techniques as data analysis techniques. The results of this study can be concluded that, Rangga's character's emotions are evidenced by Rangga's attitudes, reactions, words and treatment of the situation or problem at hand. The causes of emotion in the character Rangga in the film Sang Mortar by Helfi Kardit, among others, are the causes of emotional joy, namely communicating partners, unexpected things and problem solving. The cause of angry emotions, namely unacceptability and feeling controlled. The cause of the emotion of fear, namely feeling that safety is threatened. Cause the emotion of sadness.

Implementing teaching assistants for students of the Education Study Program in schools during distance learning makes them have to be creative in using technology in learning. So the purpose of this research is to find out the forms of creativity of pre-service teachers who use technology in distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach to Mathematics Education students at a private Islamic university in Semarang, Indonesia who carry out teaching assistance at partner schools. The data collection used in this research is observation and interviews. According to the results obtained, the creativity of prospective mathematics teachers in applying learning media is shown in making learning videos, interactive multimedia, and presentation materials using PowerPoint (PPT) containing material and sample questions. Second, creativity in utilizing the potential of schools is the use of online learning platforms, including Microsoft Teams, Zoom meeting, Learning Management System (e-learning), Google Classroom, Google Meet, and WhatsApp Groups. Creativity in designing learning that can foster creativity and innovation for students includes developing lesson plans that utilize the platforms and media created and applying learning approaches such as constructivism and contextual. In addition, it also applies game learning strategies and group discussions through breakout rooms.

<span lang="EN-US">This classroom action research</span><span lang="IN"> (CAR) </span><span lang="EN-US">aimed to: improve student’s</span><span lang="EN-US">activities and mathematics learning outcomes subject triangle and square for student at class VII B of SMP</span><span lang="EN-US">N</span><span lang="IN">egeri</span><span lang="EN-US"> 5<span> </span>Surakarta through the implementation of </span><span lang="IN">the M</span><span lang="EN-US">ake a </span><span lang="IN">M</span><span lang="EN-US">atch cooperative learning model.</span><span lang="IN">This study used the method of CAR which was carried out during March until July 2018, it was in the 2017/2018 academic year.The receptive subject of the study was the 29 students of VII B while the agent subject was the mathematics teacher. The data were collected by observation, test, and documentation. The collected data were then analyzed using the technique of comparative descriptive sta­tistic and critical analysis. </span><span lang="EN-US">The result of </span><span lang="IN">CAR s</span><span lang="EN-US">hows that the imple</span><span lang="IN">­</span><span lang="EN-US">men</span><span lang="IN">­</span><span lang="EN-US">tation of cooperative learning model type make a match can improve the stu</span><span lang="IN">­</span><span lang="EN-US">dent’s activities and student’s mathematic learning outcome.</span>

The purpose of the research is to describe the ideology and political activities of Buya Hamka. In this study, researchers used qualitative research methods and critical analysis. The theory used in this study is Teun A. Van Dijk’s Critical Discourse Analysis. The paradigm of this research is critical. The qualitative research approach, the type and format of descriptive research, is the object of research in the novel ”HAMKA: A Novel Biography” written by Haidar Musyafa while the research subjects are Ideology and Political Activities which are discussed in the book. Data collection techniques carry out critical linguistic methods, in-depth interviews, and literature studies, data analysis techniques using source triangulation. The results of the study show that the novel ”HAMKA: A Novel Biography” written by Haidar Musyafa discusses Hamka’s ideology, pan-Islamism. But Hamka’s dialectical process towards his ideology, the interesting process of Hamka’s ideology, such as Hamka’s intersection with communism, even to the point where he had sung communist marches like the International with his friends in Java, was not described in the novel.

(2021) Volume 2, Issue 4 Cultural Implications of China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC Authors: Dr. Unsa Jamshed Amar Jahangir Anbrin Khawaja Abstract: This study is an attempt to highlight the cultural implication of CPEC on Pak-China relations, how it will align two nations culturally, and what steps were taken by the governments of two states to bring the people closer.

Plain English summaryPatient engagement (or patient and public involvement) in health research is becoming a requirement for many health research funders, yet many researchers have little or no experience in engaging patients as partners as opposed to research subjects. Additionally, many patients have no experience providing input on the research design or acting as a decision-making partner on a research team. Several potential risks exist when patient engagement is done poorly, despite best intentions. Some of these risks are that: (1) patients’ involvement is merely tokenism (patients are involved but their suggestions have little influence on how research is conducted); (2) engaged patients do not represent the diversity of people affected by the research; and, (3) research outcomes lack relevance to patients’ lives and experiences.Qualitative health research (the collection and systematic analysis of non-quantitative data about peoples’ experiences of health or illness and the healthcare system) offers several approaches that can help to mitigate these risks. Several qualitative health research methods, when done well, can help research teams to: (1) accurately incorporate patients’ perspectives and experiences into the design and conduct of research; (2) engage diverse patient perspectives; and, (3) treat patients as equal and ongoing partners on the research team.This commentary presents several established qualitative health research methods that are relevant to patient engagement in research. The hope is that this paper will inspire readers to seek more information about qualitative health research, and consider how its established methods may help improve the quality and ethical conduct of patient engagement for health research.BackgroundResearch funders in several countries have posited a new vision for research that involves patients and the public as co-applicants for the funding, and as collaborative partners in decision-making at various stages and/or throughout the research process. Patient engagement (or patient and public involvement) in health research is presented as a more democratic approach that leads to research that is relevant to the lives of the people affected by its outcomes. What is missing from the recent proliferation of resources and publications detailing the practical aspects of patient engagement is a recognition of how existing research methods can inform patient engagement initiatives. Qualitative health research, for example, has established methods of collecting and analyzing non-quantitative data about individuals’ and communities’ lived experiences with health, illness and/or the healthcare system. Included in the paradigm of qualitative health research is participatory health research, which offers approaches to partnering with individuals and communities to design and conduct research that addresses their needs and priorities.DiscussionThe purpose of this commentary is to explore how qualitative health research methods can inform and support meaningful engagement with patients as partners. Specifically, this paper addresses issues of: rigour (how can patient engagement in research be done well?); representation (are the right patients being engaged?); and, reflexivity (is engagement being done in ways that are meaningful, ethical and equitable?). Various qualitative research methods are presented to increase the rigour found within patient engagement. Approaches to engage more diverse patient perspectives are presented to improve representation beyond the common practice of engaging only one or two patients. Reflexivity, or the practice of identifying and articulating how research processes and outcomes are constructed by the respective personal and professional experiences of researchers and patients, is presented to support the development of authentic, sustainable, equitable and meaningful engagement of patients as partners in health research.ConclusionsResearchers will need to engage patients as stakeholders in order to satisfy the overlapping mandate in health policy, care and research for engaging patients as partners in decision-making. This paper presents several suggestions to ground patient engagement approaches in established research designs and methods.

<span lang="EN-US">This study sought to explore students’ experience in using Instagram to participate in mobile collaborative language learning (MCLL)</span><span lang="EN-US">. T</span><span lang="EN-US">he</span><span lang="EN-US"> contents they </span><span lang="EN-US">produced and shared, a</span><span lang="EN-US">s well as</span><span lang="EN-US"> their interaction and collaboratio</span><span lang="EN-US">n, were analyzed</span><span lang="EN-US">. The participants of this study were </span><span lang="EN-US">110 students in an </span><span lang="EN-US">English education department</span><span lang="EN-US">, in three different classes,</span><span lang="EN-US">who all had taken a </span><span lang="EN-US">translation course</span><span lang="EN-US">their third semester. Online tasks were assigned to students and they were required to produce, share, interact and collaborate to accomplish tasks. This study applied </span><span lang="EN-US">a </span><span lang="EN-US">qualitative method </span><span>with case study research design </span><span lang="EN-US">using observation, focus group discussion and content analysis. Data were analyzed through stages namely categorization, reduction and interpretation. </span><span>Results showed </span><span lang="EN-US">that </span><span>the </span><span lang="EN-US">students were able to participate in MCLL using Instagram. They produced and shared contents that met the requirement of MCLL. The contents include</span><span lang="EN-US">d</span><span lang="EN-US"> English sentences for structural collaboration in terms of subject-verb agreement and English sentences for word meaning collaborations. They interacted with their peer</span><span lang="EN-US">s</span><span lang="EN-US"> by writing feedback and comment</span><span lang="EN-US">s on the uploaded content</span><span lang="EN-US">. They collaborated with their peer</span><span lang="EN-US">s</span><span lang="EN-US"> by providing multiple interactions to accomplish tasks in MCLL like writing structural analysis, word meaning, paraphrasing sentences, and sentence translation.</span>

This study aims to find out how the quality of service at the Bandung Fire Prevention and Control Agency. This study uses qualitative research methods with data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation studies. While the data processing and analysis techniques use triangulation. The results showed that the quality of service at the Bandung City Fire Prevention and Control Agency was measured through 4 (four) aspects, namely aspects of convenience, aspects of speed, aspects of accuracy, and security aspects tend not to run optimally. This can be seen from the large number of objects that cannot be saved during a fire event. Such as residential buildings, public buildings, kiosks, shoping centers and so on.