Abstract
Novel designs of skin friction and heat flux sensors have been developed based on advanced materials and processing techniques. These sensors produce dynamic, time-resolved, direct measurements of skin friction and heat flux, especially tailored towards turbulent flows. The skin friction sensors use ionic polymer transducers, which contain no moving parts, directly measure shear, and can be surface mounted with minimal flow intrusion. The sensors exhibit measurement accuracy in fluctuating shear on the order of 4.92% over a range of stresses of +/- 3 Pa and signal-to-noise-ratio on the order of 60 dB. The frequency response of the sensor is on the order of 10 kHz. An approach for automatic recalibration and error compensation based on changes of impedance has been developed. This process allows in-situ recalibration of the sensors under varying temperature conditions. The heat flux sensors are made with thin-film deposition which allows fine arrays to be created. The measured Seebeck coefficient (temperature sensitivity) of the deposited metals is 23.5 μV/ o C, which closely matches that of bulk wire.
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