Abstract
A computer model was developed to calculate the final alkalinity of waters at equilibrium with air and solid phase calcite, after neutralization by a sodium or calcium-based product. Results are presented for waters of various initial composition, with the initial concentration of calcium varying from 0.01 to 10 mmol dm −3 and the initial pH from 2 to 6. Waters which were initially very acid, and deficient in calcium, could sustain a much higher final alkalinity, a measure of the water's resistance to further supply of acid, if they were neutralized by either sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate rather than calcium hydroxide or calcium carbonate. Soft waters acidified by acid rain, and acid mine waters low in calcium, would benefit most from using sodium-based neutralizing agents. The higher cost of sodium products is offset by their greater solubility and ease of application.
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