Neutralization of kinin-releasing enzymes of crotalid venoms by monospecific and polyspecific antivenoms

Abstract

G. S. Bailey, A. Al-Joufi, S. Rawat and D. C. Smith. The neutralization of kinin-releasing enzymes of crotalid venoms by monospecific and polyspecific antivenoms. Toxicon 29, 777–781, 1991.—The amounts of kinin-releasing enzymes in the venoms of Crotalus atrox, Crotalus adamanteus, Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus and Agkistrodon piscivorus piscivorus were measured by determining the amounts of kinin released from a sheep kininogen substrate by means of a specific radioimmunoassay. Four monospecific and two commercial polyspecific antivenom IgG samples were tested for their ability to reduce the kinin-releasing activities of the four crotalid venoms measured in vitro. All of the antivenom IgG samples were able to neutralize venom kininogenase activity to varying extents. One of the commercial polyspecific antivenoms was of equal or higher potency than the corresponding monospecific antivenoms for three of the venoms tested, indicating a high degree of cross-neutralization. F(ab’) 2 and especially Fab fragments of that polyspecific antivenom IgG were also effective in reducing the kinin-releasing activities of the four crotalid venoms.