Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus in a geriatric patient: A case report

Abstract

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem connective tissue disorder with varied clinical presentations with late onset SLE occurring after the age of 50. Involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) in SLE may range from non-focal symptoms of cognitive dysfunction, an acute confusional state, to focal symptoms of transient ischaemic attacks and strokes. We report a case of an elderly male who presented with confusion, functional decline and fevers. On admission, he was febrile with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) of 11 with no other focal neurological or systemic examination findings. Initial investigations pointed towards a diagnosis of possible tuberculous meningitis with a differential diagnosis of unidentified sepsis and malignancy still being entertained. However, a newly developed purpuric skin rash helped clinch the diagnosis of SLE and he was finally diagnosed as a case of late-onset neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE). He was started on intravenous (IV) hydrocortisone which was later switched to a tapering dose of oral prednisolone and made a significant improvement.