Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the effect of Thymoquinone (TQ) in restraint stress- induced biochemical alterations in Wistar albino rats. Restraint stress was applied for 21 days (4 h/day) and 60 min before every stress exposure the rats were treated with two doses of TQ (5 and 10 mg/kg). In serum, Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) were estimated. Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS), reduced Glutathione (GSH), nitrite and nitrate levels and Super Oxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST), Glutathione-Reductase (GR) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were estimated in brain. Interleukins and enzymatic activities in serum significantly elevated by the restraint stress and were ameliorated by both the doses of TQ treatment. In brain TBARS, nitrite and nitrate levels significantly elevated due to restraint stress, the TQ treatment brings back to normal levels. Restraint stress significantly decreased in oxidative enzyme activities as the SOD, CAT, GST, GSH-Px and GR. TQ treatments significantly enhanced the activities compared to untreated stressed rats. Present results revealed that, TQ reduced the restraint stress-induced oxidative process in terms of above mentioned biochemical parameters. Thus, in view of its antioxidative nature, TQ may be developed as an effective therapeutic agent for stress-induced oxidation and CNS depression.
Highlights
Immobilization stress is one of easy and suitable method to induce both psychological and physical stress resulting restricted mobility and aggression in animal model (Sahin and Gumuslu, 2007a; Akpinar et al, 2007)
Glavin (1986), it was concluded that placing animals in their exact size tube was a good immobilization procedure since it involves minimum pain with minimum movement including that of the tail
Earlier reports showed an elevation in IL-6 levels by the immobilization stress
Summary
Immobilization stress is one of easy and suitable method to induce both psychological and physical stress resulting restricted mobility and aggression in animal model (Sahin and Gumuslu, 2007a; Akpinar et al, 2007). Chronic psychological stress leads to homeostasis which results biochemical and physiological changes and that follows the serious health risks such as psychiatric disorders, immunosuppressant and neurological impairments (YaLi et al, 2007; Atif et al, 2008). Stress known to activates the sympathetic-adrenal medulla and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis which stimulates secretion of catecholamine and glucocorticoid which are capable of modulating the immune cells and cytokine production (Haddad et al, 2002; Sekiyama et al, 2006)
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