Neuronavigation Based on CT Angiography for Surgery of Intracranial Aneurysms: Primary Experience with Unruptured Aneurysms

Abstract

Several reports have demonstrated the use of three-dimensional (3D) computed tomographic angiography (CTA) for preoperative planning in patients with intracranial aneurysms. Until now, there are no reports on the potential role of navigation systems in combination with CTA in aneurysm surgery. In the present study we report our experience with neuronavigation based on CTA in 16 patients with unruptured anterior circulation aneurysms for 1) planning craniotomy; 2) guided approach to the aneurysm; and 3) 3D presentation of the aneurysm and adjacent arteries in correct orientation. The reconstructed CTA images were analyzed preoperatively with regard to diameter of aneurysm neck and dome as well as projection and possible daughter aneurysms, and these parameters were compared with the intraoperative findings. In addition the accuracy of the navigator to locate the aneurysm neck was measured intraoperatively. Navigated approach planning resulted in variable keyhole craniotomies for the 7 middle cerebral artery aneurysms, but did not result in deviation from small standard craniotomies for the internal carotid and anterior communicating artery aneurysms. Precision of the indication of the navigator with regard to the aneurysm neck ranged from < 1 mm to 4 mm. Intraoperative assessment confirmed the CTA data with regard to aneurysm size and projection in all, and definition of daughter aneurysms and adjacent arteries in most cases. The computer assisted approach allowed a smaller, exactly placed craniotomy primarily in MCA aneurysms. 3D presentation of the aneurysms and the adjacent arteries in correct orientation facilitated identification and dissection the aneurysms. Current navigation systems are not precise enough to allow "blind" aneurysm clipping by placing a real clip on the virtual aneurysm neck.