Abstract
Rehabilitation in Germany has its roots in the late 19th century when Bismarck created the social security system. As a consequence, rehabilitation was introduced by the pension funds to avoid premature retirement of the working population (rehabilitation before pension), and rehabilitation became a social right for everyone ensured in the social security system. During World War I, neurological rehabilitation was developed to a high standard service for the brain-injured veterans including specialized centers like that, for example, of Kurt Goldstein’s hospital in Frankfurt. After a decline during the years of economic depression it was reorganized during World War II to take care of the many more brain-injured soldiers compared to World War I who survived due to neurosurgery, newly developed in the 1930s, and faster airborne transportation in the fields. With the end of the war, all military hospitals were closed down including the neurological rehabilitation centers.
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