Abstract
The recognition cues by which nestmate worker honeybees are discriminated from nonnestmates were investigated using new experimental techniques. The experiments described in this paper support the contention that the recognition cue is acquired prior to emergence as an adult. The cue probably has a genetic, rather than an environmental, source. Previous findings, which indicated that worker honeybees are recognized on the basis of environmentally acquired odours, do not contradict this result. Rather, bees probably use whatever cues are available for recognition. When environmental odour sources are carefully controlled, cues remain that allow discrimination of nestmate versus nonnestmate individuals.
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