Abstract
Neoagaro-oligosaccharides derived from agarose have been demonstrated to possess a variety of biological activities, such as anti-bacteria and anti-oxidative activities. In this study, we mainly explored the inhibitory effects and the mechanisms of neoagaro-oligosaccharide monomers against LPS-induced inflammatory responses in mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells. The results indicated that neoagaro-oligosaccharide monomers especially neoagarotetraose could significantly reduce the production and release of NO in LPS-induced macrophages. Neoagarotetraose significantly suppressed the expression and secretion of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6. The inhibition mechanisms may be associated with the inhibition of the activation of p38MAPK, Ras/MEK/ERK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Thus, neoagarotetraose may attenuate the inflammatory responses through downregulating the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways in LPS-stimulated macrophages. In summary, the marine-derived neoagaro-oligosaccharide monomers merit further investigation as novel anti-inflammation agents in the future.
Highlights
Neoagaro-oligosaccharides derived from agarose have been demonstrated to possess a variety of biological activities, such as anti-bacteria and anti-oxidative activities
The results showed that the mRNA levels of IL-1βsignificantly increased upon LPS treatment but this induction was effectively inhibited by neoagarotetraose treatment in a dose-dependent manner (Fig. 4B)
The results showed that neoagarotetraose significantly inhibited LPS-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 cells
Summary
Neoagaro-oligosaccharides derived from agarose have been demonstrated to possess a variety of biological activities, such as anti-bacteria and anti-oxidative activities. We mainly explored the inhibitory effects and the mechanisms of neoagaro-oligosaccharide monomers against LPS-induced inflammatory responses in mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells. Neoagarotetraose may attenuate the inflammatory responses through downregulating the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways in LPSstimulated macrophages. The MAPKs pathway and NF-κB pathway induce the expression of the inflammatory mediators such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6))[6,7,8]. The inhibitory effects and mechanisms of neoagaro-oligosaccharides against LPS-induced inflammatory responses were investigated in mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Neoagaro-oligosaccharides especially neoagarotetraose effectively inhibited the inflammatory responses in RAW 264.7 cells mainly through downregulating the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways
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