Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced gastric carcinoma—a phase II trial with combined continuous intravenous 5-fluorouracil and bolus cisplatinum

Abstract

Locally advanced gastric adenocarcinomas (LAGC) have a poor prognosis, particularly when tumours are bulky, located in the cardia or in the event of locoregional lymph node involvement. Patients bearing these tumours were entered in a phase II trial of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, combining continuous intravenous 5-fluorouracil (5FU) (1000 mg/m 2 for 5 days) and cisplatinum (CDDP) (100 mg/m 2 on day 2) repeated every 4 weeks, for one to six cycles according to response and tolerance. 30 patients have been entered, 26 after clinical evaluation (CAT scan and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy) and 4 with unresectable tumours at prior laparotomy. Median age was 60 years, 15 30 patients had a tumour of the cardia, 15 30 had enlarged lymph nodes and 7 30 had linitis plastica (diffuse type). A mean number of three cycles was administered (range 1–6). 27 of the 30 patients were evaluable for response. One patient achieved a complee response (CR) and 14 a partial response (56%; 95% confidence interval 38–74%). No patient had tumour progression, and only 1 6 with linitis plastica responded. 28 patients underwent surgery, and 23 had a macroscopically complete resection (77% of the 30 entered patients); RO resections were performed in 60% of the cases, mainly after an objective response ( 13 15 versus 4 12 in non-responders). No pathological CR were seen. Grade 4 neutropenia was observed in eight cycles (5 patients), with five septic complications and one death due to toxicity. Four postoperative complications were observed: 2 cases of severe pneumonia and 2 subphrenic abscesses. One postoperative death, due to intravascular disseminated coagulation, was observed at day 30. Median survival was 16 months and the 1-, 2- and 3-year survival was 67, 42 and 38%, respectively. Patients with linitis plastica had a significantly shorter survival ( P < 0.002). We conclude that neodjuvant chemotherapy is feasible in LAGC, although randomised trials are warranted to demonstrate its efficacy on survival and resection rates.