Abstract
The intensification of agriculture has created concerns about soil degradation and toxicity of agricultural chemicals to non-target organisms. As a result, there is great urgency for discovering new ecofriendly tools for pest management and plant nutrition. Botanical matrices and their extracts and purified secondary metabolites have received much research interest, but time-consuming registration issues have slowed their adoption. In contrast, cultural practices such as use of plant matrices as soil amendments could be immediately used as plant protectants or organic fertilizers. Herein, we focus on some types of soil amendments of botanical origin and their utilization for nematicidal activity and enhancement of plant nutrition. The mode of action is discussed in terms of parasite control as well as plant growth stimulation.
Highlights
Most currently employed agricultural systems employ the cultivation of large areas of land, thereby replacing the diversity of indigenous plants with cultivar-specific monoculture.These large-scale crop monocultures facilitate the increased prevalence and proliferation of diseases and pest insects [1], decrease the quantity and quality of soil organic matter, and deteriorate soil chemical and physical properties, thereby reducing soil fertility and crop productivity [2,3]
Biofumigation is considered a non-chemical practice, it is in part based on the nematicidal activity of the plant secondary metabolites released in the soil and on the generation of nematicidal degradation byproducts [74,92]
When dried leaves of Cannabis sativa and Zanthoxylum alatum were incorporated into the soil to control Meloidogyne incognita, C. sativa was significantly better, and maximum improvement in growth parameters occurred, whereas nematode infection and reproduction diminished [47]
Summary
Most currently employed agricultural systems employ the cultivation of large areas of land, thereby replacing the diversity of indigenous plants with cultivar-specific monoculture. These large-scale crop monocultures facilitate the increased prevalence and proliferation of diseases and pest insects [1], decrease the quantity and quality of soil organic matter, and deteriorate soil chemical and physical properties, thereby reducing soil fertility and crop productivity [2,3]. Soil amendment with botanicals may play a dual role in pest control and soil improvement, and can be more sustainable from an environmental perspective than the extensive use of synthetic pesticides and fertilizers.
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