Abstract
The interaction among pedestrians and human drivers is a complicated process, in which road users have to communicate their intentions, as well as understand and anticipate the actions of users in their vicinity. However, road users still ought to have a proper interpretation of each others’ behaviors, when approaching and crossing the road. Pedestrians, as one of the interactive agents, demonstrate different behaviors at road crossings, which do not follow a consistent pattern and may vary from one situation to another. The presented inconsistency and unpredictability of pedestrian road crossing behaviors may thus become a challenge for the design of emerging technologies in the near future, such as automated driving system (ADS). As a result, the current paper aims at understanding the effectual communication techniques, as well as the factors influencing pedestrian negotiation and decision-making process. After reviewing the state-of-the-art and identifying research gaps with regards to vehicle–pedestrian crossing encounters, a holistic approach for road crossing interaction modeling is presented and discussed. It is envisioned that the presented holistic approach will result in enhanced safety, sustainability, and effectiveness of pedestrian road crossings.
Highlights
Participating in traffic requires road users to continuously interact with one another [1]
The state-of-the-art in negotiation and decision-making for pedestrian road crossings has achieved significant progress on identifying the prominent behaviors of vehicles and pedestrians, the interactions between such traffic users and the factors that influence the most, synergies between pedestrians and motorized vehicles. It is evident from the reviewed literature that studies are so far mostly focused on a limited number of factors influencing driver–pedestrian interactions and investigate their impact on behaviors and decision-making processes of both pedestrians and drivers
The effect of communication methods and intention propagation are usually studied by focusing on specific strategies without taking into account the decision-making process of road users and investigating the factors that may influence the process
Summary
Participating in traffic requires road users to continuously interact with one another [1]. In addition to communicating intended movements, traffic interactions require road users to properly interpret and predict the actions of their interactive party This may become problematic in some situations since traffic participants demonstrate different behaviors on approaching the crossing sites. Since fully automated vehicles will be integrated into the existing transportation system, the interaction with pedestrians becomes challenging in cooperative situations (e.g., when road users require sharing their intentions to communicate the right of way, or to coordinate their reactions) [5,17,18,19,20,21] This is primarily related to the absence of a human driver in vehicles and thereby an absence of driver cues in vehicle–pedestrian communications, which may decline the trust and confidence of pedestrians [22,23,24,25]. The behavior of drivers and pedestrians on approaching different uncontrolled pedestrian crossing facilities has been explored in Section 5, to identify factors influencing their crossing-decision strategies
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
