NEGATION AS A PRAGMATIC TOOL FOR SUSPENSE: A LINGUISTIC STUDY OF PSYCHOLOGICAL THRILLERS

Computer-Based Processing of Literary Works and Study of Literature

This study examines the linguistic features in reader comments on Wattpad romance stories that construct the emotion of kilig. It focuses on two main questions: (1) What linguistic features (phonology, morphology, semantics) express kilig in comments, and how do they shape readers’ emotional experiences? (2) How is kilig portrayed as a Filipino emotion, and how does it influence readers’ emotional engagement? Using purposive sampling and textual analysis, the study investigates three completed Wattpad romance stories, emphasizing reader comments. Results show that phonological features like onomatopoeia and sound exaggeration, morphological elements like codeswitching and slang, and semantic features such as hyperbole and indirect attraction contribute to kilig. Emojis enhance emotional expression. Kilig as a cultural expression plays a key role in shaping readers’ emotional involvement by incorporating Filipino language, cultural nuances, and semiotic elements. This creates a sense of familiarity and emotional resonance, making kilig moments impactful. These linguistic and semiotic features reflect Filipino cultural ways of expressing emotions, with kilig's unique blend of excitement, joy, and playfulness captured through exaggeration, codeswitching, and local slang. Emojis, a part of digital communication, further connect with contemporary Filipino culture.

This research explores the evolving landscape of literary analysis through the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and traditional human scholarship. The primary objective is to assess the extent to which AI can enhance the analysis of literary texts by examining its performance in uncovering thematic and stylistic elements within William Shakespeare's "Hamlet." This study employs a mixedmethods research approach, combining qualitative and quantitative techniques to provide a comprehensive evaluation. In the digital age, AI has emerged as a promising tool for text analysis, offering efficiency and scalability. However, it raises fundamental questions about its ability to grasp the profound nuances, cultural contexts, and thematic richness inherent in literary works. Through meticulous comparative and thematic analyses, this research investigates the strengths and limitations of AI in literary analysis, juxtaposing its findings with traditional human interpretations. The results of our study reveal that AI excels in identifying patterns, themes, and stylistic markers within "Hamlet." It effectively recognizes key themes such as revenge, madness, and moral corruption. However, AI's analysis often lacks the depth and contextual understanding present in traditional critiques, particularly in interpreting abstract motifs and cultural references. Our findings underscore the complementary nature of AI and human scholarship in literary analysis. While AI offers quantitative efficiency and objectivity, human interpretation provides the depth, cultural insights, and emotional resonance necessary for a comprehensive understanding of literary works. We argue for a harmonious future where AI augments human expertise, leading to more profound insights and a richer literary scholarship. This research not only contributes to the field of literary analysis but also offers a broader perspective on the evolving relationship between technology and human creativity. As AI technologies advance, the collaborative synergy between AI's quantitative efficiency and human interpretation's qualitative depth promises to reshape the landscape of literary studies, enriching our understanding of literature across diverse genres, time periods, and cultural contexts.

The current review attempts to unify the concept of criticality (as introduced by Cameron, 2000) as a linguistic tool used within the pragmatics of language interpretation that can be employed as a methodology shared by both linguistic and literary analyses. Both CDA and literary analysts use the same armamentarium when it comes to uncovering the power dynamics and hidden ideologies within a given text and the ideological orientations of the text reducers. However, the concept of criticality is utilized under different terminologies in linguistics pragmatics and literary analyses. In pragmatics, it is referred to as critical analysis of discourse, meaning to comment on the discourse producer’s intention within various contextual cues to uncover the hidden meaning and to demonstrate the power dynamics of the discourse. On the other hand, in literary analyses, it is manifested through the use of ‘political theory’ or ‘ideological theory’. The tools, by nature, are different in literature and pragmatics due to the functions of analysis, yet the theorists of all the above-mentioned terms are the same, i.e., Althusser, Foucault, Said, Gramisci, and others. Two examples are taken from linguistic pragmatics analysis and literature to be analyzed according to the same concept of criticality. Both examples yield similar justifications for the use of language in shaping power dynamics and discourse-meaning negotiation as well as uncovering the hidden ideologies of text producers under the multi-layered texts.

With the worldwide spread of the Internet, human activity has become permeated by digital media, which shapes communication and interaction and speeds up the improvement of the experience and diffusion of museum exhibitions. Contemporary museums must understand their audiences, especially with respect to online preferences and surfing involvement experiences. Museums are changing in an effort to attract young netizens to access and use museum resources. Virtual museums are increasingly using digital exhibitions to preserve and apply their collections and establishing online community platforms to interact with young people. This study investigates the underlying mechanism of online community characteristics that enhance audiences’ emotional resonance and involvement. Results from a questionnaire survey (N = 1168) of Taiwan undergraduate students show that perceived relevance and esteem improve their emotional resonance, which can attract new people and maintain existing relationships within their communities. Following flow theory, maintaining community relationship characteristics increases emotional resonance, which, in turn, enhances user involvement, but we found only small significant effects of emotional resonance on involvement. These findings illuminate the mechanism of the attitudinal relationship building and maintenance for online museum communities and advance the practical contributions of online museum community use and effects.

This paper looks at ways in which methods used in literary analysis can contribute to higher education research. I start by describing a methodology commonly used in the analysis of literary texts, close reading or textual analysis, and outline how it can be utilised in conjunction with several theoretical approaches in the literary studies toolkit. I then demonstrate how these methodological approaches might work in higher education research through a brief analysis of two texts produced by two universities, focusing on the construction of the doctoral researcher in each. Finally, I close by briefly considering what kinds of texts could be analysed in a higher education research context and argue for a broadening of what counts as data in the field.

Literary text analysis is part of the Language Arts and The Language and Literature Curriculum in the primary education. Teachers are expected to practice different types of teaching methods depending on the age of the students, such as: demonstration, whole class work, reading and working on a text, discussion, conversation, students' oral presentations and creative writing. Students can also do literary analysis in groups, pairs, individually and in whole-class work. The aim of this paper is to answer the question whether teachers employ different teaching methods and approaches in the process of students' responses to literary texts and the literary text analysis depending on their age and if they prefer some of the methods over others relative to students' age. We have collected the necessary data for this descriptive research by conducting surveys that were specifically designed for the purpose of the research with the random sample of primary school teachers in the Republic of Macedonia (total N=75). Descriptive analysis and ANOVA - single factor were used as well. The results have shown that the teachers practice different teaching approaches depending on the students' age in the process of literary text analysis in class, which is graphically presented and discussed in the paper. The results did not show any significant differences among the general teaching methods used in different classes in primary education. The methods and approaches that teachers use are compared to the ones that are considered to be part of the modern trends according to the latest research. The results of the research will help scholars to build a broader picture of the literary analysis lessons in the primary school in the Republic of Macedonia regarding the teaching methods and approaches that are employed for the purpose of obtaining the age-appropriate classroom atmosphere. It will also contribute to the process of teacher reflections about the methods and approaches that they are using in order to improve the quality of teaching while bearing in mind the contemporary trends of building interactive classrooms in which the students are responsible for their own learning.

This study investigates the capabilities of three large language models - Perplexity, YesChat Text Analyzer, and ChatGPT - in performing literary and linguistic text analysis on Arthur Conan Doyle's “The White Company.” The research theoretical part highlights the intersection of artificial intelligence and linguistics, computational linguistics and education. The practical part of the study, by analyzing the first chapter of the novel, aims to identify which model demonstrates the most effective quantitative and qualitative analysis of stylistic devices. Each model was prompted to identify lexical, grammatical, and phonetic stylistic devices, with results compared to a human analysis based on I.R. Galperin's taxonomy. Findings reveal that Perplexity excels in providing a literary interpretation, while YesChat offers a more structured linguistic analysis, and ChatGPT presents a concise overview. The results also indicate human analysis considerably surpasses the performance of all three studied language models in terms of stylistic analysis quantity and quality.

The article is devoted to the trends and transformations of philological education in the context of modern technologies development. The purpose of the research is to study the preparation specifics of philology students and to develop a new approach to their training, based on an effective educational methodology of literary and linguistic analysis of the text. To achieve this goal, exercises and methods are defined. Such methods were used as: comparison, contextual-interpretative, comparative-historical method and other general scientific methods. The study found that in a globalized world it is necessary to form new core competencies in students-philologists, namely the capacity for independent learning throughout life and motivation. It is possible to achieve this through rethinking pedagogical methods. The authors proved that the text is an important means of modern communication which is dynamically transformed which determines the need for its deep philological research. For this, the authors improved the method of preparing students of philology which is based on the introduction of modern information technologies into the system of literary and linguistic analysis of the text. Software products such as Compleat Lexical Tutor and ABBYY Compreno, in particular Compleat Lexical Tutor, make the process of text analysis easy.

Artificial intelligence is beginning to spread to all fields of science, and philology, linguistics and literature are no exception. This intersection of technology and the humanities opens a new era of linguistic and literary analysis. The relevance lies in the fact that artificial intelligence offers innovative ways of understanding and interpreting texts. Linguistic analysis of texts is an important part of philological research, as it helps to uncover the meaning, style, and other elements of language use in texts. This study aims to explore the innovative technology of Salesforce Einstein Artificial Intelligence, which can be used for linguistic text analysis in philological research. Research methods include literature review, correlation analysis, social analysis, impact analysis, syntactic analysis, and factor analysis. The results of the work showed that the system deeply learns the language and learns to recognize and analyze various language features and emotions. The paper examines the technical and ethical aspects of Salesforce Einstein AI. A cross-sectional study allowed us to describe the technological capabilities of the system and to debate the problem of replacing the author with artificial intelligence from an ethical perspective. The authors conclude that linguistic text processing in philology has revolutionized the way authors interact with technology and has become a valuable tool in text analysis. Salesforce Einstein AI has opened up a whole new world of opportunities for the field of philology.

This paper presents a prosodic analysis of storytelling speech in Japanese fairy tale. Recent advances in TTS technologies bring us high quality synthetic speech especially on acoustic aspects. On prosodic aspects, however, there is still room for improvement in the expressiveness since most systems use one-sentence speech synthesis scheme. For instance, storytelling applications expect speech synthesis to be capable of having a control mechanism beyond one sentence. In this paper, a prosodic database is built for real storytelling speech of professional narrators on Japanese fairy tale aiming at investigating the actual storytelling strategies and ultimately reflecting them on the expressiveness of speech synthesis. After conducting a baseline speech segmentation for phones, words, and accentual phrases in a semi-automatic way, a multi-layered prosodic tagging is manually performed to extract information on various changes of “story states” relevant to impersonation, emotional involvement, and scene flow control. Storytelling speech materials of six professional narrators for Japanese fairy tale are prepared to analyze their storytelling strategies. In particular, the dynamics of pitch contours is investigated in terms of expressiveness control beyond sentence considering narrator dependency as well. Based on the findings obtained, pitch control schemes are discussed for storytelling speech synthesis.

A crucial role is played by aesthetics in shaping trauma narratives, impacting how individuals perceive, undergo, and process traumatic events. In this context, "aesthetics" encompasses the artistic or stylistic elements employed in storytelling across various mediums like literature, film, visual arts, and more. Aesthetic choices such as symbols and metaphors become potent tools for conveying intricate emotions and experiences linked with trauma, providing a layer of abstraction that facilitates a nuanced exploration of its psychological and emotional dimensions. Aesthetics also influence the structure of a trauma narrative, with elements like flashbacks, non-linear timelines, or fragmented storytelling mimicking the disjointed nature of traumatic memories, effectively conveying the disorientation experienced by those who have undergone trauma. In visual arts and cinema, the visual representation of trauma significantly influences its perception, employing stark imagery, visual metaphors, and symbolic elements to communicate the profound impact of trauma, transcending the limitations of language in capturing its depth. Aesthetic elements like soundtracks and musical scores contribute to the emotional tone, heightening tension, creating a sense of foreboding, and influencing the audience's engagement with the traumatic content. In literature, the choice of language and literary devices shapes the narrative style, impacting how trauma is portrayed. Vivid descriptions, metaphors, and unique linguistic styles evoke a visceral response, fostering a more intimate connection between readers and the trauma narrative. Additionally, aesthetics can influence the resolution of a trauma narrative, utilizing specific visual or narrative elements to contribute to a sense of catharsis or closure for both the characters and the audience, providing a pathway towards healing and recovery. In summary, aesthetics serve as a crucial lens through which trauma narratives are presented and experienced, enabling creators to enhance their depth, emotional resonance, and impact, fostering a greater understanding and empathy for the complex nature of trauma through thoughtful and intentional artistic choices. In the context of Amitav Ghosh's novels, the discussion of postcolonial historic aporia becomes significant, especially given Ghosh's aversion to the term "postcolonial" which tends to portray the aftermath of colonialism in a negative light. Ghosh expresses his dissatisfaction with this characterization, stating, ". . . when I think of the world that I grew up to inhabit, my dominant memory of it is not that it was trying to be a successor state to a colony; it was trying to create its own reality, which today is the reality that we do inhabit" (Kumar 105). This perspective reflects Ghosh's inclination to focus on the efforts of postcolonial societies in shaping their distinct realities rather than being defined solely in opposition to their colonial past. Ghosh's novels, influenced by this viewpoint, illustrate the complexities of postcolonial experiences through the aesthetics of storytelling. Within his narrative framework, he employs symbolism, metaphor, and narrative structure to delve into the intricacies of trauma. Through these aesthetic choices, Ghosh offers a nuanced exploration of the psychological and emotional dimensions of characters' traumatic experiences, challenging conventional postcolonial narratives that tend to emphasize negativity. Ghosh's deliberate use of visual representation, sound, and literary devices in portraying trauma further underscores his commitment to presenting a multifaceted understanding of postcolonial realities. Consequently, his intentional and thoughtful aesthetic choices serve as a critical lens through which postcolonial trauma narratives are depicted, fostering a richer appreciation for the intricate nature of these stories and the diverse realities they represent.

Anita Desai, a prominent contemporary Indian novelist, masterfully blends psychological depth with poetic prose. Her novels emphasize the complexities of the human mind, often using innovative narrative techniques to explore inner realities rather than societal reflections. Desai’s narrative structure focuses on psychological states through vivid imagery, symbolism, and introspection. Desai employs techniques like stream of consciousness, flashbacks, and free indirect discourse to delve into the protagonists' psyches, revealing their internal struggles. Her poetic use of language crafts a subjective universe, where characters seek self- fulfillment amidst societal constraints. While her focus on psychological intricacy and aesthetic design distinguishes her work, Desai’s narrative innovations remain rooted in the broader literary tradition, reflecting a balance between technical sophistication and emotional resonance. Her novels ultimately depict a poignant interplay between the inner rhythms of the mind and the external world.

Recently, learning approaches have utilized Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) to create an efficient learning environment. The application of IoT and AI to improve learning systems is thoroughly examined in this paper. Additionally discussed are various IoT and AI-based approaches and strategies related to e-learning, M-learning, methods employed, and particular applications. A new era of linguistic and literary analysis is ushered in by the convergence of technology and the humanities. The creative ways that artificial intelligence provides for comprehending and interpreting texts make it relevant. As it enables the discovery of meaning, style, and other aspects of language usage in texts, linguistic analysis of texts is a crucial component of philological investigation. In this human-centric paradigm, it also becomes imperative to investigate how AI aligns with human values. In particular, giving in-service teachers examples of how to apply the suggested framework improved their understanding of generative AI concepts and how to incorporate them into their instruction. To handle learning techniques more effectively, the results of this evaluation will guide the creation of strategies that combine IoT and AI.

The main purpose of this article is to introduce readers to the linguistic embodiment of the teacher’s image in the short stories by A.P. Chekhov. In recent decades the linguistic personality of the characters of artistic works has often become the subject of thorough linguistic and literary analysis. A.P. Chekhov, being the master of humorous stories, aims at introducing certain features typical only for the images of characters representing various professions but at the same time corresponding to the genre of the work itself. Attention to details, many artistic features are the hallmark of this writer’s work. A.P. Chekhov works through each image at all levels: structural, semantic and linguistic (thesaurus). That is why Chekhov’s works arouse research interest among both literary critics and linguists. The linguistic personality of the teacher in Chekhov’s stories is formed in accordance with the tasks that the writer sets at the time of the creation of the work (for example, a humorous short story, memoirs, etc.). Analysis of the character’s speech characteristics, the verbal portrait of the character allows us to identify the distinctive features of Chekhov’s language and form an idea of the writer as a thinker and researcher of the native language. Working on the semantic level of the linguistic personality allows to reflect on the moral and ethical potential of the characters of Anton Chekhov’s stories.