Necessary conditions for the future consideration of vaccine certificates

The electronic medical record and COVID-19: Is it up to the challenge?

Since 2005, the world has faced several public health emergencies of international concern arising from infectious disease outbreaks. Of these, the COVID-19 pandemic has had by far the greatest health and economic consequences. During these emergencies, responses taken by one country often have an impact on other countries. The implication is that coordination between countries is likely to achieve better outcomes, individually and collectively, than each country independently pursuing its own self-interest. During the COVID-19 pandemic, gaps in multilateral cooperation on research and information sharing, vaccine development and deployment, and travel policies have hampered the speed and equity of global recovery. In this Health Policy article, we explore how multilateral collaboration between countries is crucial to successful responses to public health emergencies linked to infectious disease outbreaks. Responding to future global infectious disease threats and other health emergencies will require the creation of stronger mechanisms for multilateral collaboration before they arise. A change to the governance of multilateral institutions is a logical next step, with a focus on providing equal ownership and leadership opportunities to all member countries. Europe can be an example and advocate for stronger and better governed multilateral institutions.

Antimicrobial resistance research in a post-pandemic world: Insights on antimicrobial resistance research in the COVID-19 pandemic

Impact of COVID-19 preventive measures on other infectious and non-infectious respiratory diseases in Pakistan

Epidemiologic Changes Caused by the Preventive Measures for the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: An Additional Challenge for Pediatricians

SP29-2 Surveillance in Asia: the ANSORP experience

Editor's evaluation: Disentangling the rhythms of human activity in the built environment for airborne transmission risk: An analysis of large-scale mobility data

Decision letter: Disentangling the rhythms of human activity in the built environment for airborne transmission risk: An analysis of large-scale mobility data

The brave new world of pandemic resilience.

espanolLa politica europea de energia lleva varios anos en primera linea de actuacion de la UE. Su incorporacion al Tratado de Lisboa, asi como su relacion estrecha con otras politicas de la UE tales como competencia, mercado interior, tecnologia o medio ambiente, han convertido a la energia en un actor principal en lo que respecta a la accion y legislacion europeas y hay que mencionar las politicas y actuacion en el campo internacional, incluida la ayuda al desarrollo. No debe olvidarse en este contexto el transporte como gran consumidor de energia y uno de los mayores responsables de emision de gases de efecto invernadero. Tampoco hay que dejar de lado la tecnologia como tal. Las tres dimensiones de la politica de energia, competitividad, sostenibilidad y seguridad de abastecimiento, estan al mismo nivel de importancia, pero el equilibrio que se establezca entre las tres necesita decisiones politicas cuidadosas, que no suponen necesariamente alcanzar los optimos individuales de manera separada. La dimension exterior habria de anadirse a las tres anteriores. La UE persigue ejercer un cierto liderazgo mundial en relacion con sus objetivos para los horizontes 2020 y 2050. EnglishEuropean energy policy has been at the forefront of EU action for several years now. Its inclusion in the Lisbon Treaty, as well as its connection with other key EU policies such as competition, internal market, technology or environment, has made energy a major player in terms of EU action and legislation, let alone in its international policies and action including development aid. Transport as a major energy user - and greenhouse gas emitter - should not be forgotten in this context. Neither should technology as such. The three pillars of energy policy, that is to say competitiveness, sustainability, and security of supply are on an equal footing, but the balance to be struck between them requires delicate political set-offs, which means that the optimum objective for each of them separately is unlikely to be attainable. A pillar on external relations should also be added to the former three. The EU pursues exert world leadership in view of its 2020 and 2050 objectives.

A tribute to some of the doctors who died from COVID-19

Introduction and aim: The escalating threat of droplet-transmitted infectious diseases, exemplified by the SARS and COVID-19 pandemics, has exposed critical vulnerabilities in global health preparedness. A significant gap persists in standardized, contextually-relevant emergency nursing education for undergraduate students, particularly in densely populated regions like Macao. This study aimed to develop and validate, through expert consensus, a scientifically rigorous educational framework to equip future nurses with the essential competencies to manage droplet-transmitted infectious disease emergencies. Material and methods: This study employed a rigorous, multi-round modified Delphi method. An initial 58-item framework was systematically developed by synthesizing evidence from a comprehensive literature review and qualitative insights from preliminary interviews with eight clinical and academic experts. This framework was then subjected to a formal two-round Delphi consultation with a panel of ten distinguished experts in infectious disease control, emergency nursing, and nursing education to achieve consensus on its structure and content. Consensus criteria were stringently defined as a mean item score of ≥ 4.0 (5-point scale), a Coefficient of Variation (CV) of ≤ 0.25, and a statistically significant Kendall's W. Results: A robust consensus was achieved. The iterative process resulted in a finalized, three-tier framework comprising six core modules and 56 validated Level 3 items. The final round demonstrated a significant and improved level of expert agreement (Kendall's W = 0.454, p < .001). Crucially, all 56 final items met the stringent consensus criteria, with CV values ranging from an excellent 0.00% to 16.35%, and the percentage of scores ≥ 4.0 ranging from 88.9% to 100.0%. These results confirm the framework's high internal consistency and strong validation by the expert panel. Conclusion: This study culminates in the development of a scientifically validated and contextually relevant educational framework that addresses a critical deficit in nursing education. More than just a curriculum, this framework provides a replicable, evidence-based model for nursing education reform, designed to bridge the gap between academic theory and the practical demands of frontline emergency response. Its adoption can significantly enhance the preparedness and competence of future nursing professionals, thereby strengthening the resilience of public health systems against future respiratory-based pandemic threats.

Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic—Unique Opportunities for Unifying, Revamping and Reshaping Epidemic Preparedness of Europe’s Public Health Systems

Future pandemics: failing to prepare means preparing to fail

Multiple proposals suggest that xenophobia increases when infectious disease threats are salient. The current longitudinal study tested this hypothesis by examining whether and how anti-immigrant sentiments varied in the Netherlands across four time points during the COVID-19 pandemic (May 2020, February 2021, October 2021 and June 2022 through Flycatcher.eu). The results revealed that (1) anti-immigrant sentiments were no higher in early assessments, when COVID-19 hospitalizations and deaths were high, than in later assessments, when COVID-19 hospitalizations were low, and (2) within-person changes in explicit disease concerns and disgust sensitivity did not relate to anti-immigrant sentiments, although stable individual differences in disgust sensitivity did. These findings suggest that anecdotal accounts of increased xenophobia during the pandemic did not generalize to the population sampled from here. They also suggest that not all increases in ecological pathogen threats and disease salience increase xenophobia.