Nd-doped CuO/ZnO and ZnO/CuO heterojunctions for simultaneous UV blocking and malachite green detoxification.

Nanocoating stainless steel orthodontic brackets with a combination of copper and zinc oxide nanoparticles might alter the quantity of ions released from them in saliva. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the quantity of copper and zinc ions released from stainless steel brackets coated with a combination of copper oxide and zinc oxide. Stainless steel orthodontic brackets (Ormco Mini -Diamond series 0.22” slot, MBT prescription) (ORMCO CORP Glendora, California, USA) (n= 15 in each group) were coated with nanoparticles of copper oxide (Group I) , zinc oxide (Group II) and a combination of copper oxide –zinc oxide (Group III) nanoparticles using a spray pyrolysis method . The quantity of copper and zinc ions released from these three groups of brackets, when stored in artificial saliva and intubated at 37 C was evaluated at 24hrs, 7th day, 14th day and 28th day using an atomic absorption spectrometer. The three groups of coated brackets released significantly more copper and zinc ions than the uncoated brackets. The copper oxide nanocoated and zinc oxide nano coated stainless steel orthodontic brackets released more copper and zinc ions when compared to the copper oxide - zinc oxide combination nanocoated orthodontic brackets and uncoated brackets. The highest surge of ion release was noted at the 7th day in all the three coated groups for both the ions evaluated. Brackets coated with a combination of copper oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles demonstrated reduced levels of copper and zinc ion release in artificial saliva when compared to copper oxide nanocoated brackets and zinc oxide nanocoated brackets..

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) are soluble in water and can release Zn2+, an essential mineral that promotes the growth of plant cells. When ZnO NPs were administered to tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Samusun-NN) callus under white light irradiation, a concentration-dependent increase in weight was observed. Specifically, an increase in chlorophyll levels was triggered by blue light and induced by ZnO NPs. mRNA-seq analysis showed that during the early stages of tobacco callus exposure to ZnO NPs and white light irradiation, there was considerable fluctuation in the expression of genes related to salt stress. After 24 h, the expression of cellular component and growth-related genes also fluctuated. Analysis by RT-qPCR revealed that, after 1 day of ZnO NPs exposure, the expression levels of photosynthesis-related genes were enhanced. The Zn content of control-treated callus was 0.19 mg g−1 dry weight, whereas that of callus cultured with the ZnO bulk particles (BPs), with a particle diameter of 2000 nm, was 2.59 mg g−1 dry weight, and for callus cultured with ZnO NPs, with a particle diameter 34 nm, the Zn content was 3.37 mg g−1 dry weight. These results indicate that ZnO particles supplied large amounts of Zn to the callus, suggesting that the smaller the particle size, the larger the surface area of particles dissolve zinc ions more efficiently and the more ions are supplied to tobacco callus cells, and resulting in an increase in plant productivity. Under the light illumination, incubation of tobacco callus with zinc oxide nanoparticle dispersion resulted in supply of much zinc ions into cell, and induction of chlorophyll accumulation and cell proliferation.

Photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes in water using semiconductor ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using Crataegus mexicana extract

AIM : To evaluate the release of zinc and copper ions from zinc oxide and copper oxide nanoparticles coated orthodontic brackets in artificial saliva under Invitro condition. METHODOLOGY : Thirty six metal brackets were coated with copper oxide (group A) and zinc oxide (group B ) nanoparticles using spray pyrolysis method and bracket was randomly selected and assessed under scanning electron microscope. The nano-coated brackets with copper oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles (Group A and B) were bonded on the extracted first premolar tooth with standard protocol and immersed in artificial saliva at pH of 6.5. The nanocoated brackets were analysed for ion release using atomic absorption spectrometer at four different time intervals baseline, day 7, day 14, and day 21 under invitro condition. RESULT : The highest concentration of zinc ion released from the zinc oxide and copper oxide nano coated brackets in the artificial saliva was on the 7th day and the quantity of zinc ion released was well below the levels that are toxic to humans throughout the study period. CONCLUSION: The concentration of zinc ions released zinc oxide nano coated brackets was significantly greater than the concentration of copper ion released from the copper oxide nano-coated brackets in the artificial saliva under similar experimental conditions.

Nanotechnology is a completely unique branch of technology that offers with substances in a very small size between (1–100 nm) with various crystal shapes. Metals have ability to produce large number of oxides. These metal oxides play a major role in many areas of chemistry, physics, material science and food science. In this research, Zinc Oxide (ZnO) and Copper (II) oxide nanoparticles were synthesized via sol–gel process using zinc nitrate and copper (II) nitrate as precursor respectively. The characterization of CuO and ZnO nanoparticles was done by using various techniques. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) indicates the crystallinity and crystal size of CuO and ZnO nanoparticle. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used to get the infrared spectrum of the sample indicating composition of the sample which contains various functional groups. XRD result shows the particle size of CuO at highest peak 29.40140 was 61.25 nm and the particle size of ZnO at highest peak 36.2476° was 21.82 nm. FT-IR spectra peak at 594.56 cm-1 indicated characteristic absorption bands of ZnO nanoparticles and the broad band peak at 3506.9 cm−1 can be attributed to the characteristic absorption of O–H group. The analysis of FT-IR spectrum of CuO shows peaks at 602.09, 678.39, and 730.19 cm−1 which refer to the formation of CuO. SEMimages indicate the morphology of CuO and ZnO nanoparticles. Result of EDX characterization indicates that the both synthesized nanoparticles have good purity with very less amount of impurities. EDX data indicates that Cu content was 54.56%, oxygen content was 33.75% in CuO nanoparticles and Zn determined by EDX was 40.77 and O was 45.82 in ZnO.Graphical

Green synthesis of ZnO and CuO NPs using Ficus benghalensis leaf extract and their comparative study for electrode materials for high performance supercapacitor application

Copper and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles are widely used in pharmacy, cosmetics, agriculture and engineering fields according to their chemical and biological properties; their toxic effects on living systems up to the environment and humans are seen in physiological processes. The study included 60 male mice divided into 10 groups; 100 μl water as placebo in the control group, copper oxide (CuO-NP) and zinc oxide (ZnO-NP) nanoparticles and CuO-NP+ZnO-NP groups were administered oral gavage at different doses (1, 5 and 25 mg/kg/day) for 14 days to investigate the toxic effects on the tissues of male mice. Antioxidant enzyme activities glutathione-S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and oxidative damage parameters glutathione (GSH) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) were measured in the tissues by spectrophotometric methods. Stress protein 70 (HSP70) and DNA oxidation (8-OHdG) levels were measured using ELISA methods. The exposure to CuO-NPs + ZnO-NPs, CuO-NPs, and ZnO-NPs resulted in changes in biochemical parameters in the liver and kidney tissues, with varying effects observed across the groups compared to the control. The most significant changes were observed in the CuO-NPs + ZnO-NPs group, including decreases in SOD, CAT activities, GSH levels and increases in GST activity, HSP70 and 8-OHdG levels. As the oxidative damage and biomolecular parameters stress protein and DNA oxidation were induced, which are consistent with the parameters of toxic effects in both examined tissues, the co-exposure to CuO-NPs and ZnO-NPs appears to suppress the antioxidant system, suggesting that these biomarkers may serve as potential indicators of tissue toxicity caused by nanoparticles.

Colloidal zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles are frequently used in the field of organic photovoltaics for the realization of solution-producible, electron-selective interfacial layers. Despite of the widespread use, there is a lack of detailed investigations regarding the impact of structural properties of the particles on the device performance. In this work, ZnO nanoparticles with varying surface-area-to-volume ratio were synthesized and implemented into polymer-fullerene bulk heterojunction solar cells with a gas-permeable top electrode. By comparing the electrical characteristics before and after encapsulation, it was found that the internal surface area of the ZnO layer plays a crucial role under conditions where oxygen can penetrate the solar cells. The adsorption of oxygen species at the nanoparticle surface causes band bending and electron depletion next to the surface. Both effects result in the formation of a barrier for electron injection and extraction at the ZnO/bulk heterojunction interface and were more pronounced in case of small ZnO nanocrystals (high surface-area-to-volume ratio). Different transport-related phenomena in the presence of oxygen are discussed in detail, i.e., Ohmic losses, expressed in terms of series resistance, as well as the occurrence of space-charge-limited currents, related to charge accumulation in the polymer-fullerene blend. Since absorption of UV light can cause desorption of adsorbed oxygen species, the electrical properties depend also on the illumination conditions. With the help of systematic investigations of the current versus voltage characteristics of solar cells under different air exposure and illumination conditions as well as studies of the photoconductivity of pure ZnO nanoparticle layers, we gain detailed insight into the role of the ZnO nanoparticle surface for the functionality of the organic solar cells.

Existing studies have shown the systemic damage of titanium dioxide (TiO2) or zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs), but there is little or no existing knowledge on the potential adverse toxic effects of the mixture of the two. In order to investigate the in vivo toxic effect of the mixture of TiO2 NPs and ZnO NPs, the acute toxicities of TiO2 NPs, ZnO NPs by themselves, and their mixture (1:1) were determined. The systemic toxicities of the individual NPs and mixture were evaluated in mice using hematological indices, hepatic, renal, and lipid profile parameters, and histopathology as endpoints. NPs were intraperitoneally administered at doses of 9.38, 18.75, 37.50, 75.00, and 150.00 mg/kg bw each. Individual NPs and their mixture were administered daily for 5 and 10 d, respectively. The LD50 of ZnO NPs was 299.9 mg/kg while TiO2 NPs by themselves or TiO2 NPs + ZnO NPs were indeterminate due to the absence of mortality of the male mice treated. TiO2 NPs, ZnO NPs by themselves and TiO2 NPs + ZnO NPs induced significant alterations in the hematological and biochemical parameters, with higher toxicity at 10 d. Histopathological lesions were observed in the liver, kidneys, spleen, heart, and brain of mice treated with the individual NPs and their mixture. TiO2 NPs + ZnO NPs were able to induce a higher systemic toxicity than TiO2 NPs or ZnO NPs individually. Our data suggest that more comprehensive risk assessments should be carried out on the mixture of NPs before utilization in consumer products.

Nanoparticles have special properties, such as increased intestinal absorption, permeability, and so on. Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles have medical applications such as using in drug production. Studies of ZnO nanoparticles have shown the role of these particles in reducing or increasing the genes expression. Given the important role of hepcidin in the development of anemia and iron overload diseases, this study investigated the effect of ZnO nanoparticles on the hepatic expression of the hepcidin gene to help find a way to treat these diseases. In this experimental study, 24 male Westar rats were divided into three groups: control, ZnO treating group and ZnO nanoparticle treating group. Both ZnO and ZnO nanoparticles were injected with 50mg/kg body weight for 14days. At the end, serums were collected and iron, ferritin and IL-6 levels were measured. Expression of the hepcidin gene was done by Real Time PCR. ZnO and the ZnO nanoparticle significantly increased the expression of the hepcidin gene relative to the control group. The increase in expression of the hepcidin gene in ZnO nanoparticles was more significant than in the ZnO. ZnO nanoparticles led to significant increase in expression of the hepcidin gene.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of adding cinnamon nanoparticles (NPs), Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs), and Copper oxide (CuO) NPs on the antibacterial property of a luting and lining glass ionomer cement (GIC) that was used for the cementation of orthodontic bands to the tooth. Cinnamon NPs, ZnO NPs, and CuO NPs were added into a luting and lining GIC in weight percentages of 1%, 2%, and 4%, respectively while a non-modified GIC was considered as the control group. Agar disc diffusion test was applied to assess the antimicrobial property of samples against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). The cytotoxicity of the nanoparticles was examined through the MTT assay for gingival fibroblasts. Data showed that GIC containing cinnamon and ZnO NPs displayed a larger inhibition zone diameter and greater antibacterial activity against S. mutans than CuO NPs. Meanwhile, there were no significant differences in the inhibition zone diameter of cinnamon NPs and ZnO NPs. The cytotoxicity assessment revealed the lower cytotoxicity of cinnamon NPs and the higher cytotoxicity of CuO NPs while the cytotoxicity of ZnO NPs was observed to be higher than cinnamon NPs and lower than CuO NPs. GIC containing cinnamon NPs exhibited noticeable antibacterial activity against S. mutans and cinnamon NPs revealed less cytotoxicity and it is can be labeled as a favorable option for further assessment to be applied in fixed orthodontic treatments for the cementation of bands to teeth.

The current study successfully synthesized zinc oxide (ZnO), copper oxide (CuO), and iron oxide (FeO) nanoparticles (NPs) using cost-effective and environmentally friendly procedures. The synthesized NPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy and SEM analysis. UV-Vis spectroscopy revealed characteristic absorption peaks at 356 nm for ZnO NPs, confirming their synthesis. SEM analysis showed a heterogeneous distribution of nanoparticle sizes, with ZnO NPs averaging 81 nm, CuO NPs averaging 108 nm, and FeO NPs averaging 82 nm. The antifungal activity of the synthesized nanoparticles was evaluated at various concentrations using the poisoned food technique. The results indicated a dose-dependent inhibition of mycelial growth by ZnO and CuO NPs, with higher concentrations (500 and 1000 mg/L) showing significant inhibition compared to untreated Rhizoctonia species. Specifically, CuO NPs exhibited mycelial growth inhibition percentages of 70.64% and 73.43% at 500 and 1000 mg/L, respectively, while ZnO NPs showed inhibition percentages of 78.38% and 80.94% at the same concentrations. Statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA revealed significant differences among the treatment groups (p < 0.001). In contrast, FeO NPs did not exhibit a dose-dependent inhibition of mycelial growth but showed a minor, statistically insignificant promotion. Among the tested NPs, CuO NPs at 1000 mg/L achieved the highest inhibition, followed by ZnO NPs. The observed variations in mycelial inhibition by different nanoparticles at various concentrations underscore the complexity of nanoparticle-pathogen interactions and highlight the need for further research to optimize their antifungal efficacy.

The present study aims to investigate the interactions of zinc oxide nanoparticles and copper oxide nanoparticles with the major photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll using ultraviolet-visible, steady state, and time resolved laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy. The steady state fluorescence measurements show that zinc oxide and copper oxide nanoparticles quench the fluorescence of chlorophyll in concentration-dependent manner. The Stern-Volmer plot for the chlorophyll-zinc oxide nanoparticles is linear, and the value of quenching constant has been observed to increase with temperature indicating the possibility of dynamic quenching. A decrease in the lifetime of chlorophyll with increase in the concentration of zinc oxide nanoparticles confirms the involvement of dynamic quenching in the chlorophyll–zinc oxide nanoparticle interaction. In the case of copper oxide nanoparticles, the Stern-Volmer plot deviates from linearity observed in the form of upward curvature depicting the presence of both static and dynamic quenching. In addition, the lifetime of chlorophyll decreases with increase in the concentration of copper oxide nanoparticles displaying the dominance of dynamic quenching in the chlorophyll-copper oxide nanoparticle interaction. The decrease observed in the value of binding constant with increasing temperature and negative values of change in enthalpy, entropy, and Gibb’s free energy indicates that van der Waal and hydrogen bonding are the prominent forces during the interaction of chlorophyll with both zinc oxide and copper oxide nanoparticles and that the process is spontaneous and exothermic. The interaction of zinc oxide and copper oxide nanoparticles with chlorophyll occurs through electron transfer mechanism. The obtained results are useful in understanding the sensitization processes involving chlorophyll and zinc oxide and copper oxide nanoparticles.

Zinc oxide (ZnO) and copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles were created using Nd-YAG pulse ablation, and they were subsequently examinedas colloidal solutions. The produced nanoparticles were examined for UV-VIS absorption using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) andFourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) (TEM). The production of zinc oxide and copper oxide nanoparticles is shown by FTIRcharacterization. the subsequent tests for UV-VIS absorption. According to TEM, the nanoparticle sizes varied from (30) nm for zinc oxide to(40) nm for copper oxide. X-ray diffraction was used to describe the films' structure (XRD)The X-ray showed the monoclinic crystallinestructure of CuO and the hexagonal wurtzite phase of ZnO. Due to their antibacterial properties, copper oxide nanoparticles with a size rangeof 54.35–40.16 nm and zinc oxide nanoparticles with a size range of 36.16 nm were found to display FESM.

In this study, Nanoparticle synthesized zinc oxide (ZnO) and copper oxide (CuO) in (PVP) polyvinylpyrrolidone as a dispersing agent with a simple chemical reaction used for the antimicrobial activity. Various concentrations of metal oxide with PVP synthesis as (0.02, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.4) M. The result of the x-ray diffraction indicated the presence of pure-phase ZnO and CuO with hexagonal and monoclinical structures with average crystal sizes(20.18), (32.89), (43.42) and (49.51) while the values (13.56), (23.94), (25.60) and (26.92) nm for ZnO and CuO respectively. Transmission electron microscopy analysis has shown that the average grain size of these nanoparticles increased with increasing concentrations (40-80) for ZnO and (35-50) nm for CuO. Energy dispersive analysis of x-rays clearly confirmed the presence of Zn, Cu, and O at a 1:1 atomic ratio while the particle sizes obtain from Atomic force microscopy (AFM) were (31.63-84.80) for ZnO, (32.34-60.23) nm for CuO with [0.02- 0.4] M ZnO and CuO nanoparticles in suspension showed activity against a range of bacterial pathogens as (Staph. Aurous, Staph. Epidermidis), gram-negative bacteria as (E. coli, Klebsiella spp.) and fungi (such as Candida albicans) with different concentrations, as comparing The extent of the inhibition zones between two oxides found to be concentration-dependent, These have been observed that ZnO nanoparticles have an extremely good bactericidal potential the Inhibition Zone demonstrates 30 mm in dishes with 0.4 M for Staphylococcus epidermidis as a positive gram. Although CuO nanoparticles have less bactericidal capacity in the Inhibition Region relative to ZnO and the maximum potential CuO has been shown to be positive gram in 25 mm with 0.4 M for Staphylococcus aurus.