NÁCHYLNOSŤ TOKAJSKÝCH ODRÔD VINIČA NA ERYSIPHE NECATOR SCHWEIN., A PLASMOPARA VITICOLA (BERK.

Abstract

On defined production sites in the closed Tokay region only three varieties (cv. Lipovina, cv. Yellow Muscat and cv. Furmint) were grown for several centuries. Objective of the research from 2005-2008 was to examine whether there is a change in varieties susceptibility to Plasmopara viticola (Berk. M.A.Curtis) Berl.De Toni and Erysiphe necator Schwein., on four sites located from 105 to 320 AMSL were observed how the infection and pathogen spreading in both diseases were affected by climate factors, site location and the architecture of stand. We found out that the development and progression of infection depends on the susceptibility of leaves where fungi reproductive organs are growing and the dimension of infection source. The results showed that most sensitively responded to Erysiphe necator the Lipovina variety, with its very fine leaves. Cv. Furmint and cv. Muscat yellow were moderately responsive. Raphis and berries are very sensitive in all development stages. Dissemination of ascospores and Erysiphe necator conidia are spatially bounded, therefore, depending on microclimate, site location and stand architecture. The most sensitive response to infection by Plasmopara viticola was observed in cv. Lipovina, medium-sensitive in cv. Furmint, and the smallest in cv. Yellow Muscat. Especially young berries are very susceptible to infection. We found out that cv. Lipovina, Furmint and Yellow Muscat were most sensitive to infection by Plasmopara viticola and Erysiphe necator during the phenophase BBCH 68, when 80% of flowers fade away. The research found out that vines planted on sites with altitude from 105 to150 AMSL, in closed locations without any green work made were infected by Plasmopara viticola strongly.