Abstract
NCG 4.0 is the latest update of the Network of Cancer Genes, a web-based repository of systems-level properties of cancer genes. In its current version, the database collects information on 537 known (i.e. experimentally supported) and 1463 candidate (i.e. inferred using statistical methods) cancer genes. Candidate cancer genes derive from the manual revision of 67 original publications describing the mutational screening of 3460 human exomes and genomes in 23 different cancer types. For all 2000 cancer genes, duplicability, evolutionary origin, expression, functional annotation, interaction network with other human proteins and with microRNAs are reported. In addition to providing a substantial update of cancer-related information, NCG 4.0 also introduces two new features. The first is the annotation of possible false-positive cancer drivers, defined as candidate cancer genes inferred from large-scale screenings whose association with cancer is likely to be spurious. The second is the description of the systems-level properties of 64 human microRNAs that are causally involved in cancer progression (oncomiRs). Owing to the manual revision of all information, NCG 4.0 constitutes a complete and reliable resource on human coding and non-coding genes whose deregulation drives cancer onset and/or progression. NCG 4.0 can also be downloaded as a free application for Android smart phones.Database URL: http://bio.ieo.eu/ncg/
Highlights
Sequencing of exomes and genomes from thousands of cancer samples led to the identification of an increasing number of mutated genes that may contribute to driving human cancer [1,2,3]
Candidate cancer genes instead derive from large-scale mutational screenings of cancer samples and have been identified using statistical methods with poor or no experimental follow-up
To account for this, Network of Cancer Genes (NCG) 4.0 reports a list of candidate cancer genes whose association with cancer is likely to be spurious owing to function, length and literature evidence
Summary
Sequencing of exomes and genomes from thousands of cancer samples led to the identification of an increasing number of mutated genes that may contribute to driving human cancer [1,2,3]. Compared with other databases collecting all cancer mutations, such as COSMIC [12], ICGC [13] and CGAP [14], NCG 4.0 provides the community with a manually reviewed and constantly updated repository only of cancer drivers It annotates the properties of these genes, resulting useful to address different types of questions regarding cancer determinants (Figure 1) and to mine the increasing amount of information on cancer mutations. Manual collection of cancer genes NCG 4.0 annotates the properties of 2000 cancer genes, defined as genes that contribute in promoting the onset and/or the development of human cancer This list is derived from the union of two datasets. The second dataset consisted of 1463 genes that are likely to be involved in cancer development on mutation, which we defined as ‘candidate
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