Abstract
In this paper, we propose and evaluate methods for the local navigation using only visual perception for the skiing robot. Our skiing robot, capable of skiing using the carving technique, has no direct control on the velocity of skiing as it cannot break or accelerate, therefore well known navigation methods for nonholonomic mobile robots cannot be directly applied. We consider the following methods: an intuitive method of aiming at the closest gates, a human obstacle avoidance movement model, neural networks learning from a set of human demonstrations, and a global method that uses a predefined, spline-encoded path. The navigation performance of the robot on unknown ski courses is evaluated using two criteria: successful completion of the course and the time required to complete the course. Simulation results show the applicability and drawbacks of presented methods. Finally, the method using the neural networks was applied on a real-world skiing robot and we tested navigating a slalom course on both roller blades and skies.
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