Navigating the Digital Labyrinth

The objective of this study is to address a gap in the existing literature by exploring the relationship between social media addiction and psychological wellbeing among college and university students, as well as examining the mean differences between students from the two educational levels. The study employed a quantitative, cross-sectional correlational design and used a purposive sampling technique to collect data from 228 students aged 15 to 35 years (M = 20.28, SD = 5.04). Two instruments were used: the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS) and the Psychological Wellbeing Scale. Data were collected following the APA 7th edition code of conduct and analyzed using IBM SPSS Version 26. The correlational analysis revealed a significant negative relationship between social media addiction and psychological wellbeing, while regression analysis indicated that social media addiction significantly and negatively predicted psychological wellbeing among college and university students. The analysis of mean differences showed that university students scored significantly higher on social media addiction and lower (though not significantly) on psychological wellbeing compared to their college counterparts. The study provides important implications for promoting students’ mental health and managing excessive social media use. These findings suggest the need for awareness programs, digital literacy workshops, and counseling interventions aimed at fostering healthy online behavior. Universities and colleges can also integrate psychological support services to help students balance digital engagement with overall wellbeing.

This study examines the mediating role of stress coping styles-problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping-on the relationship between work stress and psychological well-being in clinical nurses according to career experience. A cross-sectional survey design was used. Data were collected from February to March 2016. The study population was composed of 399 nurses working at two university hospitals with over 500 beds located in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do in South Korea. Self-report questionnaires were administered to measure work stress (Work Stress Scale), stress coping styles (Korean version of The Ways of Coping Checklist Scale), and psychological well-being (Ryff's Psychological Well-being Scale). A multiple-group path analysis was performed using SPSS version 21.0. In the path model analysis (N = 399), work stress directly influenced psychological well-being. Both problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping were indirectly influenced in the relationship between work stress and psychological well-being. In the group of nurses with 3 years or less of career experience (n = 202), work stress was significantly related to psychological well-being. Only emotion-focused coping exerted a partial mediating effect on the relationship between work stress and psychological well-being. On the other hand, in the group of nurses with over 3 years of career experience (n = 197), work stress was not significantly related to psychological well-being. Both problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping exerted a full mediating effect on the relationship between work stress and psychological well-being. This study's path analysis displayed a distinct pathway in the relationships among work stress, stress coping styles, and psychological well-being between nurses with 3 years or less and nurses with over 3 years of experience. The intervention with decreasing work stress and emotion-focused coping could be effective for nurses with less career experience, whereas the intervention with focusing on improving emotion- and problem-focused coping could be effective for nurses with more career experience. The practical implications of the results suggest that nurses need different stress management programs according to their career experience, as the appropriate use of stress coping styles would improve the psychological well-being of nurses as influenced by their work stress.

Background Psychological well-being is a state of mental and emotional health where people feel happy, fulfilled, and satisfied with their lives. Social media addiction refers to compulsive and excessive usage of social media platforms to the point where it impairs a person’s relationships, everyday functioning, and general well-being. Purpose This study aims to understand the relationship of social media addiction with psychological well-being. Methodology Three hundred twenty-one college students were included in the cross-sectional descriptive study. The tool included three sections: demographic data, the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale, and Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scale. Result Our results indicate that 6.2% of participants had high social media addiction and 19.6% had good psychological well-being. We identified a statistically significant inverse relationship between social media addiction and psychological well-being. Type of family was identified as a significant predictor of social media addiction. Discussion As social media addiction increases, psychological well-being decreases. Excessive use of social media should be managed to improve psychological well-being. Translation to Health Education Practice Proactive nursing interventions such as early detection and community education can help young individuals to reduce social media addiction.

Background: The prevalence of anxiety among college students is a growing global concern, with a median prevalence of 32%. This study addresses the need for effective interventions within an educational policy framework to alleviate anxiety and promote mental health among college students. Objective: The study aims to evaluate the impact of breathing relaxation exercises and tactile art therapy on college students’ self-understanding and psychological well-being, providing reference information for policies and practices in mental health education. Methods: We enrolled 10 college students from X University in South Korea, dividing them into an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group underwent 10 sessions of breathing exercises and tactile art therapy, while the control group received standard psychological counseling. Pre- and post-tests assessed breathing function, self-understanding, and psychological well-being. Results: The experimental group demonstrated significant improvements in breathing function, particularly in forced vital capacity (FVC), and in psychological well-being, as measured by the Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWBS). Sub-factors such as safety, goal orientation, and self-acceptance within self-understanding, self-acceptance, positive relationships, purpose in life, and environmental mastery within psychological well-being, showed notable enhancements. In contrast, the control group did not show significant effects in terms of FVC and FEV1（p > 0.05）, and there were no statistically significant differences in the various sub-factors of self-understanding and psychological well-being. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that integrating breathing relaxation exercises and tactile art therapy into educational policy can significantly reduce anxiety and enhance the psychological well-being of college students. These findings suggest that such interventions can be effective components of a comprehensive educational policy aimed at improving student mental health.

Using Digital Media to Promote Kidney Disease Education

Social media has become an inseparable part of Gen Z’s life. However, a number of previous research documented contradictive findings regarding social media use and its effect on psychological wellbeing among adolescents. This study aimed to investigate the role of self-esteem, social media dependency, and motives of social media use in the psychological well-being of Gen Z adolescents. A total of 647 students (aged 12 to 21 years, comprising 282 males and 365 females) participated and completed several self-reported instruments, including the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), the Online Social Network Dependency Scale (OSNDS), the Social Media Usage Motives Scale (SMUMS), and the Mental Health Inventory (MHI-18). Results from Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) showed that self-esteem was a positive predictor, while social media dependency was a negative predictor of psychological well-being in Gen Z adolescents. Social media dependency was also found significantly mediate the link between self-esteem and psychological well-being. In addition, motives for social media use were a significant moderator of the relationship between social media dependency and psychological well-being, in which a maintaining existing relationship motive intensified this association, while a meet new people and socializing motive weakened it. These findings implied the importance of an intervention targeting selfesteem in understanding the motive behind adolescents’ use of social media so that their consumption of social media could be appropriate and offer benefits for their psychological well-being. Keywords : gen Z; psychological well-being; self-esteem; social media dependency; social media use motive.

To examine the influence of Sex, age, area of residence, academic year, health behaviors, and social media use on self-esteem and psychological well-being in a sample of Portuguese university students. A descriptive, correlational, and quantitative study was conducted using a cross-sectional, quasi-experimental design. The sample comprised 194 individuals (171 female, 23 male) aged 18-57 years. Data were collected using a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and the Psychological General Well-being Index short version. The results showed a positive correlation between self-esteem and psychological well-being. Gender showed effects on both self-esteem and psychological well-being when associated with hours of sleep per day and social media use. Academic year and physical exercise practice only affected self-esteem. Age demonstrated statistically significant multivariate effects on both self-esteem and psychological well-being. No significant effects were found on self-esteem and psychological well-being for the remaining variables (area of residence, smoking habits, hours of sleep per day, social media use, and daily time spent on social networks). It is possible to conclude that self-esteem positively influences psychological well-being, and psychological well-being affects self-esteem, highlighting the importance of a healthy relationship between these constructs. In the absence of such a relationship, access to mental health and support services is necessary.

Understanding the factors contributing to psychological well-being during emerging adulthood is essential, as this life stage involves significant emotional and identity-related development. Emotional intelligence and self-esteem are known to influence mental health individually; however, their combined impact and interaction with demographic variables remain underexplored. This study aims to examine the predictive role of emotional intelligence, self-esteem, and some demographic variables (age, gender, and socio-economic status) on the psychological well-being of emerging adults. This study was conducted with 347 emerging adults, including 190 females, 122 males, and 35 individuals who identified as other gender. The mean age of participants was 23.5 years. Participants completed the Demographic Information Form, Emotional Intelligence Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and Psychological Well-being Scale. The results indicated that emotional intelligence, self-esteem, and higher socio-economic status are significant predictors of psychological well-being among emerging adults in Turkish society. These findings suggest that individuals with higher emotional intelligence, a stronger sense of self-esteem, and greater economic resources tend to experience better mental health during this critical life stage. It is recommended to implement psychoeducational programs focused on enhancing emotional intelligence and self-esteem among university youth. Further research is encouraged to explore these variables more deeply across diverse cultural contexts.

Spanning three years (2021-2024), the Vanam Vasapadum ("Sky is Ours") initiative examined the effects of arts-based, trauma-informed social-emotional learning on the psychological well-being of children aged 11-17 years across 18 childcare institutions in Tamil Nadu, India. While the intervention was delivered across all 18 institutions, longitudinal research data were collected from a subset of 10, where consistent participant follow-up and administrative approvals were available. Using a quasi-experimental mixed-methods design, the study drew quantitative data from 205 children (ages 13-17) via the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Ryff's Scale of Psychological Well-being, and qualitative insights from 72 children and 27 staff members through arts-based elicitation and in-depth interviews. The intervention comprised thrice-weekly sessions focusing on visual arts, performing arts, and art-integrated well-being activities tailored to specific developmental age groups. Quantitative analysis demonstrated significant improvements in self-esteem parameters, with 79% of participants achieving high self-esteem scores by Year 3, compared to only 2% at baseline, and 56.59% of children exhibiting very good psychological well-being measures by the intervention's conclusion. Qualitative findings revealed that children associated emotional safety with supportive relationships and opportunities for self-expression, with participants reporting enhanced emotional regulation capabilities, increased confidence, and improved resilience, while institutional staff observed reductions in behavioral problems, enhanced creative expression, and improved social interaction skills. The longitudinal evidence indicates substantial positive impacts of arts-based, trauma-informed approaches on psychological well-being among vulnerable children, with the intervention's efficacy appearing linked to its holistic design addressing multiple developmental dimensions through creative expression. The "Vanam Vasapadum" project presents compelling evidence supporting arts-based trauma-informed interventions for improving mental health outcomes in institutionalized children, with the marked improvements suggesting such approaches could serve as valuable components in mental health promotion strategies for the adolescent population in vulnerable circumstances.

Emerging adulthood is a critical phase for emotional development and mental health. Psychological well-being has been associated with using emotion regulation strategies as well as high self-esteem and high optimism. The objective of this study was to examine the mediating role of self-esteem and optimism in the relationship between emotion regulation and psychological well-being in the context of the challenges associated with emerging adulthood. The study was conducted with the participation of 771 university students (M = 20.38, SD = 2.01, 73.3% female), who completed questionnaires, including the Psychological Well-Being Scales (PWBS), the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ-18), Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale and the Optimism Questionnaire (COP). The results indicate a positive correlation between the adaptive strategies of emotion regulation and the dimensions of psychological well-being, as well as a positive correlation with self-esteem and optimism. A mediation model was tested with an adequate model fit, examining both direct and indirect effects. The model identifies planning, positive reappraisal, and catastrophizing as the most significant emotion regulation strategies, while also emphasizing the importance of some dimensions of well-being, such as self-acceptance, mastery of the environment, and life purpose. Furthermore, the findings illustrate the role of self-esteem and optimism as mediators in these relationships. The study concludes with an analysis of the theoretical and practical implications of the findings in the context of the difficulties associated with emerging adulthood where individuals define their identity, goals and purposes in life and their personality becomes more consistent.

Background: The transition into college represents a critical developmental phase often accompanied by emotional, academic, and social challenges. Psychological well-being and resilience serve as crucial protective factors that help students navigate this stressful period. In countries like Pakistan, where academic pressure and sociocultural expectations are particularly high, understanding the interaction between these two psychological constructs is vital for mental health promotion in youth. Objective: To investigate the correlation between resilience and psychological well-being among college students in Pakistan, and to assess how age, gender, and socioeconomic status influence these variables. Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted among 250 college students aged 15 to 23 years from Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Participants were selected using convenience sampling. The Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) and Ryff's Psychological Well-Being Scale were employed to assess resilience and psychological well-being, respectively. Descriptive statistics, Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests for normality, Spearman’s rho correlation, Mann-Whitney U tests, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for analysis in SPSS version 25. Results: The mean psychological well-being score was 117.86 (SD = 6.67), while the mean resilience score was 20.89 (SD = 4.13). The Spearman’s rho correlation coefficient of 0.079 indicated a weak positive relationship between the two variables. Male students scored higher on both resilience (Mean rank = 146.47) and psychological well-being (Mean rank = 136.51) compared to females. Significant differences in resilience were found across age groups (χ² = 14.87, p = 0.001) and socioeconomic classes (χ² = 7.26, p = 0.02), but not in psychological well-being. Conclusion: Resilience was modestly associated with psychological well-being, with variations across demographic subgroups. The findings underscore the need for targeted mental health programs focused on enhancing resilience among college students.

COVID-19 is the worst pandemic of this century. It unleashed worldwide havoc on the lives of people, finance, corporate sectors, education, career, livelihood, lifestyle and mental health. The purpose of the current study is to assess the impact of emotional competence on psychological wellbeing and academic performance with resilience as a moderating factor among college students in Bengaluru, India during COVID-19 3rd wave. It is hypothesized that there is no significant correlation among Emotional Competence, Psychological Wellbeing and Academic Performance, and no covariance variation between Academic Performance and Psychological Well-being. It is also hypothesized that resilience does not play a moderating role. The sampling consisted of 118 urban UG and PG college students from Bangalore city. Through online survey, data were collected. Emotional Competence scale, Academic Performance scale, Ryff?s Psychological Well-being scale and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-25) were used to collect data. Pearson correlation analysis, MANOVA and linear regression analysis were carried out for analysis of data. The results indicated that there were significant Pearson correlation between Emotional Competence and Academic Performance, and Emotional Competence and Psychological well-being. It also indicated that there was a covariance variation between Academic Performance and Psychological Well-being. The Linear regression analysis indicated that Resilience had a strengthening moderating effect on the relationship between Emotional Competence and Academic Performance, and a weakening effect on the relationship between Emotional Competence and Psychological Well-being. The study does not attempt to study the rural population and the impact of COVID-19 on other aspects of the students.

Social media engagement has become an integral aspect of modern life, with individuals increasingly using these platforms for various purposes, including social interaction, information sharing, gaming and other entertainment purposes. Psychological well-being is a state of positive mental health in which a person experiences a sense of happiness, contentment and fulfillment. A previous study showed that there is a link between social media engagement and increased mental health symptoms. This study aimed to explore the relationship between social media engagement and psychological well-being among emerging adults. A total of 145 participants were recruited using a convenience sampling method. Social media engagement was evaluated using the social media engagement questionnaire (SMEQ) and psychological well-being was evaluated using the psychological well-being scale. The data collected through online surveys, were analyzed using a correlational research design. It was found that social media engagement strongly correlates with the three aspects of psychological well-being among emerging adults. Results indicated that social media engagement was negatively correlated with autonomy, environmental mastery and positive relation with others. These findings suggest that the nature of social media engagement plays a significant role in influencing psychological well-being. Further studies should investigate these changes in greater depth, particularly with larger and more diverse samples, to gain a better understanding of how specific aspects of social media use affect mental health and psychological well-being.

The Relationship Between Civil Pilots' Resilience, Psychological Well-being and Work Performance

The purpose of this study was to assess the differences in self esteem and general psychological well-being including levels of autonomy, personal growth and self-acceptance between working women and non-working women. The sample consisted of randomly selected 101 Lebanese women between 250and 55 years old. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the Ryff's Scales of Psychological Well-Being were the two tools used in this study. This study was a quantitative study that utilized the t-test, as well as the method of correlation and simple percentages. The results were significant and showed that working women score higher on the Self-Esteem Scale and the Ryff's Scales of Psychological Well-Being as well as the subscales, personal growth, self-acceptance and autonomy. This study confirmed the importance of work in increasing levels of self-esteem and psychological well-being among Lebanese women.