Abstract
This chapter proposes a definition of Nature Based Solutions (NBS), reviews NBS in terms of the circular economy and proposes a methodology for implementing NBS projects. The circular economy of water (CEW) prioritises the concepts of resource recovery and resilience within water resource management. The CEW operating within planetary boundaries, is waste free and resilient and is by design restorative of ecosystems. NBS can form an integral component of this new approach. This publication defines NBS as both natural and constructed systems which utilise and reinforce, physical, chemical and microbiological treatment processes. These processes form the scientific and engineering principles for water/wastewater treatment and hydraulic infrastructure. NBS may be low cost, minimise energy for operation and maintenance, generate low environmental impacts and provide added value through the benefits that accrue to humanity (ecosystem services). These benefits include biodiversity, mitigation of the effects of climate change, ecosystem restoration, amenity value and resilience. This chapter defines and characterises nature based solutions in terms of water source, contaminants, removal mechanisms and resource recovery potential. It will also propose an NBS Methodology.
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