Natural Potential and Community Awareness as Key Components for the Development of Tourism in the Municipality of Belsh

The management of water resources in the Batang Hari River faces significant challenges due to human activities and environmental changes. Empowering local communities is crucial to ensuring the sustainability of river resource management. This service activity aims to involve the community in collaboratively managing water resources (Batang Hari River) affected by ongoing degradation through a partnership network (stakeholders) to minimize challenges and formulate solutions for sustainable community empowerment in river resource management. The activities involve several partners and stakeholders, including the Korea-Indonesia Forest Cooperation Centre (KIFC), the Fish Hatchery Center of Muaro Jambi Regency, KJA farmers, academics, and the community of Rantau Panjang Village in Muaro Jambi Regency. The method used in this activity is a participatory approach through direct discussions, Focus Group Discussions (FGD), and qualitative data analysis. From the activities conducted, through workshops and participatory approaches, community awareness and participation in water resource management have significantly increased. Additionally, the community has developed new skills in sustainable resource management, and cooperation among stakeholders has been strengthened. This activity emphasizes the importance of community empowerment in achieving sustainable river resource management, contributing to environmental sustainability and the welfare of the local community.

Sustainable community-based tourism development nexus livelihood improvement in urban areas: Evidence from Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

The management of natural resources has become a crucial agenda item at the community level of every country, due to the importance of a community’s direct involvement in the stewardship of these resources. The sustainable management of natural resources is not easy without the involvement of the community. To know the attitudes of residents in the communities in close proximity to Central Karakoram National Park (CKNP) towards natural resource sustainable management policy, a study of CKNP in northern Pakistan was conducted. This is the first community study for this park. It is difficult to overstate the economic and geographic importance of this national resource to the Pakistani people at local and national levels, as well as at the international level. This is the world’s highest public park; as a natural resource it is not only important to the local community, it also has great relevance internationally. The study attempted to gauge the attitudes of the local community towards the sustainable management practices of CKNP. The results of this study showed generally positive attitudes towards the park. The majority of respondents revealed that the park’s primary appeal is its geographic location. Households were afraid that pollution in the park will gradually destroy the park’s natural resources. For sustainable management of the CKNP, community members expressed willingness to contribute to the betterment of park through volunteerism. Community members praised the government’s supportive actions, including budgetary support and public-awareness campaigns. As such, the positive attitude of the community towards the CKNP also revealed new insights for the community-centered sustainable management of natural resources in developing countries. This study also provides a research gap for future work relating to the sustainable management of community-based natural resources to consider more factors beside the factors used in this study.

Forest depletion indicates an unsustainable resource management practices on a given landscape, accompanied at times by soil erosion, and landscape degradation. Conservation projects are often described as failure due to the wrong strategies adopted by projects managers such as non-adoption of local knowledge as well as advice from local communities. Demonstrating that sustainable management of natural resources is more efficient using multi-level stakeholder approach is the main objective of this write up. The quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection were applied; for quantitative method, the semi-structured questionnaires were administered to 870 households' members. The 'T' distribution table was used to test the hypothesis which states that; the decrease in forest depletion is due to the adoption of multi-level stakeholder approach of forest management. The results showed the calculated t = 2.30is greater than critical t = 1.812 at 0.05 level of frequency which led to the rejection of null hypothesis. For qualitative method, observations, in-depth interview and discussions in focus groups were carried out and the questions used here were open-ended. The GPS was used to map out the degraded portion of the forest as well as tracking forest resources left. It was found out that, from 1963 to 1970, 50% of the forests in Ngongbaa and Kilum were destroyed either by bush fires, agricultural activities or illegal exploiters of Prunus Africana. With the adoption of multi-level approach of forest management; more than 20,000 trees have been distributed by private projects since 2005 to restore degraded landscapes, and watersheds have been preserved with 15 streams taking their rise from it and nourishing a downstream population of over 57,893 inhabitants (spread over 14 villages). Management of resources is sustainable in the multi-level approach.

The research is centred on rural tourism and its socio-economic effects on the local community of Hlabisa located adjacent to the Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park, investigating and disclosing the socio-economic conditions, tourism activities, rural tourism models/ strategies, community participation and challenges faced by the local community and businesses in the area. The socio-economic conditions include employment, income, education, quality of life and other relevant infrastructure contributed by rural tourism to the local economy of Hlabisa. According to Ivanovic et al. (2009) rural tourism can develop rural economies by providing new economic activities and employment. The research was guided by five research objectives: (1) To determine the socio economic well-being of the local community of Hlabisa, i.e. employment, income, skills development, entrepreneurial opportunities; (2) To determine level of tourism development and the nature of tourism activities taking place in the Hlabisa area; (3)To determine the level of community participation and representation on tourism activities taking in Hlabisa; (4) To ascertain rural tourism strategies / rural tourism models in place to empower the local community of Hlabisa socially and economically? (5) To ascertain the challenges / obstructions faced by the rural community and tourism entrepreneurs of Hlabisa? The research problem of the study seeks to investigate the extent to which the wellbeing of the local communities of Hlabisa is being empowered or changed for the better socially and economically through the game park and tourism development inter alia. The Rural Tourism Strategy (2012) states that between 10-15 million South Africans live in areas that are characterised by extreme poverty and underdevelopment. “There is limited integration of local communities and previously neglected groups into tourism, inadequate tourism education, training and awareness and lastly lack of infrastructure, particularly in rural areas” (Rural Tourism Strategy 2012). Moreover, what triggers the researcher’s curiosity is that while seeing and knowing that there is quite a number of tourism activities taking place in the study area but the extent to which those activities affect the livelihood of the surrounding rural communities economically and socially is unknown. The concept and literature were matched or tested in line with the identified themes which were as follows:  Socio-economic conditions;  Rural tourism models (strategies);  Community participation and representation in tourism;  Tourism activities; and  Challenges / obstructions faced by the local community and businesses in the area. The study was anchored around the Integrated Rural Tourism (IRT) development model “with emphasis on co-planning, learning and participation which originates from the Global North” (Saarinen and Lanao 2014). This model was relevant to this study because “it discusses key challenges of rural tourism development especially related to the integration of the tourism industry and rural communities in developing countries and overviews the applicability and conditions of the IRT framework as a potential approach for rural tourism development in the developing world” (Saxena et al. 2007). The study employed a qualitative research approach, with the following tools or instruments used to collect data i.e. questionnaires, unstructured interviews with open ended questions and focus groups. The questionnaires were analysed using the Atlas.ti 8 Data Analysis Software in order to enhance reliability by applying the rules built into the programme. The information analysed included employment, income, education, quality of life and other relevant infrastructure contributed by rural tourism to the local economy of Hlabisa. The software provided tools that helped with transcription analysis, coding and text interpretation, recursive abstraction, content analysis and discourse analysis. The outcomes from the interviews indicate that the majority of the local community respondents are happy with the economic opportunities presented by tourism development in the area. The majority of respondents indicated the community participates in tourism planning and development activities in the area. There are structures in place such as Co-management boards in the Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park and, Local Community Committees and Community Trust that represent communities in decision making processes in relation to tourism. However, the key challenges that emerged from the findings were that the majority of the locals employed in tourism occupied low paying positions, with grade 08-12 and no tourism qualifications. This means locals do not have the necessary qualifications and skills to qualify to be employed in Senior Management positions in the tourism establishments in the area. The lack of a tourism qualification, training and skills would prohibit locals to progress up the ranks to become managers who earn higher salaries and be in a position to make key decisions about tourism in the area. On the other hand, the small family run tourism business cited access to capital and incentives, markets access, road access, lack of training programmes, unreliable electricity and water supply among the main challenges they face in the area of Hlabisa which affects their growth and revenue. Recommendations arising from the study include but are not limited to the following: The local and district municipality, provincial and national government tourism institutions should consider providing bursaries to the youth and scaling leanership programmes in Hlabisa in order to have greater reach and impact in advancing the careers of the local people in the local tourism industry. The Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park should put in place a sound educational programme to improve the education of the local people of Hlabisa so that they can advance to high ranking positions in order to earn high income. The small businesses in the area of Hlabisa should enter into joint marketing agreements with one another, travel trade, destination marketing organisations in order to increase tourist volume and revenue but also to meet tourist demand in the interim. In addition, the local, provincial and national tourism institutions should put in place sound tourism dedicated incentives and capital to assist small tourism business businesses to grow and expand their businesses to enable these small tourism businesses to employ more local people and pay them high income

Objective :The purpose of developing the Geotourism Module in the UNESCO Global Geopark (UGGp) Ijen Banyuwangi area is to increase understanding and appreciation of the geological and historical richness of the area, expand environmental education and awareness, empower local communities, and ensure conservation and sustainable management of natural resources. With this approach, it is hoped that geotourism in UGGp Ijen can develop sustainably, provide maximum benefits to local communities, and preserve the geological and historical richness for future generations. Design/methodology/approach :This study uses a qualitative method with thematic analysis to understand the development of the Geotourism Module in the UNESCO Global Geopark (UGGp) Ijen Banyuwangi area. The subjects of the study included local communities, tourism managers, tourists, and historians and geologists, with data collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. Analysis was carried out through data transcription, coding, and triangulation to ensure validity. This study also complies with ethics with participant consent and data confidentiality. The expected results are an understanding of the integration of history in geotourism as well as recommendations for sustainable development and empowerment of local communities. Findings:Research on the Geotourism Module at UGGp Ijen Banyuwangi shows that integrating historical elements in this module enriches tourists' understanding of the area's geological and historical richness. This module offers an educational tourism experience that connects history with geology, increases environmental education and awareness, and empowers local communities through training and economic opportunities. In addition, the module supports conservation and sustainable management by implementing responsible tourism practices, maintaining a balance between tourism visits and site preservation. This approach ensures sustainable benefits for the community and the preservation of geological and historical richness. Research limitations/implications:This study has two main limitations. First, the number of participants interviewed is limited, which may affect the representativeness of the research results. Second, the focus of the study is centered on local government arguments and the analysis is only conducted using thematic analysis. These limitations may affect the depth of understanding of broader perspectives and the variety of data in the study. Originality/value :This study shows that the geotourism module that focuses on the historical aspects of the UNESCO Global Geopark (UGGp) Ijen Banyuwangi area deepens understanding and appreciation of the geological and historical richness of the area. This module also expands environmental education and awareness, empowers local communities, and supports conservation and sustainable management of natural resources. With this approach, it is hoped that geotourism in UGGp Ijen can develop sustainably, provide maximum benefits to local communities, and preserve the geological and historical richness for future generations. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52783/rcp.62

Actuality. The tourism sector in the Republic of Moldova is growing in the context of a rather difficult period due to the economic and pandemic crises. This fact is due to the role of central and local authorities on sustainable development policies and strategies that have been and are being implemented for the development of tourism in the Republic of Moldova. Various forms of tourism can be practiced on the territory of the country, which, capitalized and supported by central and local authorities, can become the business card of domestic tourist destinations. One of these forms is sports tourism, which in recent years has acquired a special connotation, being more and more popular and with a significant increase. In this context, the central and local authorities collaborate in the perspective of the development of this form of tourism which, as demonstrated by the last sports events organized by the Republic of Moldova, are able to attract many athletes who are accompanied by both technical staff and microbiologists or close people that support them in their developments, a phenomenon that assumes that all those mentioned will use a range of tourist services on the territory of the Republic of Moldova (accommodation, food, transport, excursions, etc.), which will ensure their temporary stay in the area where the sporting event takes place . Purpose. Examining the contribution of central and local authorities in the sustainable development of sports tourism. Research methods. In order to carry out the study, there were applied methods that ensured the achievement of the established objectives, among them can be listed: the analysis of the specialized scientific-methodical literature, observation, methods of processing and quantitative and qualitative analysis of statistical data. Findings and results. The development of sports tourism can have a sustainable aspect if it is based on both economic and social and environmental objectives. Since sustainable development is a fundamental objective of the European Union, it must also be addressed in the field of sports tourism, and this fact is achieved by the central public authorities through the development of strategies for the development of the tourism sector, namely the Tourism Development Strategy in the Republic of Moldova between 2003 -2015, Tourism Development Strategy "Tourism 2020", National Tourism Development Program "Tourism 2026". All of them have a special role in the development of sports tourism, at each stage of this form of tourism being given a certain status and connotation depending on the developments on the international tourist market. In recent years, tourism at the local level has received significant attention from central and local authorities, the reason being the stimulation of the attractiveness of tourist destinations at the community level that can become a source of income for local budgets. In this context, at the local level, the authorities through various mechanisms try to develop the tourism sector depending on the existing tourism potential, the available infrastructure, but also within the limits of the existing financial sources. This fact required the creation of tourism development strategies, or sustainable, socio-economic and integrated development strategies in which a separate segment is dedicated to the tourism and sports sectors at district level, which set priorities for the development of various forms of tourism, including sports, as a form of tourism that can ensure the development of local communities, by: creating jobs, developing small and medium enterprises, etc. At the same time, they include a series of actions for the valorization of sports tourism, which are mostly focused on: the development of sports infrastructure, the promotion of tourism forms including sports, the holding of sports events, etc. According to the World Tourism Organization (WTO), sporting events can be a catalyst for tourism development if they are successfully exploited in terms of destination branding, infrastructure development and other economic and social benefits. In the Republic of Moldova, in recent years, more attention has been paid to the development of the appropriate infrastructure to ensure the holding of sports events, but also the practice of various sports events, but there are still great reservations in this regard, especially since this is mainly in the capital and less at the regional or local level, and the development of sports tourism is not possible without a technical-material base and tourist destinations prepared for such a tourism form. In the last five years in the Republic of Moldova there has been an increase in sports buildings, and an example is the construction of the "Chisinau Arena" complex, which has already hosted a series of events attended by hundreds of athletes and spectators, and an eloquent one was the Championship European weightlifting among young people that brought together 346 athletes, but also members of their technical staff, as well as supporters. However, at the regional level, the local authorities try to develop this form of tourism within the limits of financial possibilities, by creating the necessary infrastructure that meets international requirements to be able to organize sports events that attract both athletes and their teams, as well as tourists who are interested in sports activities during their travels, regardless of whether sports is the main purpose of it. In addition to the precarious economic situation at the national level and at the regional level, in the last five years, the sports edifices register both slight increases in some structures and decreases in certain regional areas, a fact that highlights that the sports tourism sector is stagnant and does not contribute significantly to the development of local destinations. Conclusions and recommendations. As a result of the research carried out regarding the role of the central and local authorities in the Republic of Moldova in the sustainable development of sports tourism, it can be mentioned that they have elaborated development strategies, which assume the valorization of sports tourism for the economic development of local communities. In recent years, they have been reviewed and adapted to international requirements, and this fact is starting to bring economic benefits to the destination where the sports events take place (example: the European Weightlifting Championship in 2023). At the same time, at the local level, the authorities have well-established directions until 2026 regarding the development of sports tourism and its forms, such as: nautical tourism, aero tourism, mountaineering, etc. Not following the directions drawn, sports buildings at the national level do not register a significant improvement, and this fact endangers the development of sports tourism. Thus, it is recommended to develop a concept for the development of this form of tourism with an emphasis on the initial development of the areas where this form of tourism has real chances of development.

Increased use of forest resources to meet increasing world demand for wood and other forest products threatens forest sustainability and highlights the importance of conservation and sustainable management of these resources. Maintaining well-adapted and productive forests, and conserving natural forest genetic resources are important for sustainable forest management. Over exploitation of species can lead to excessive forest fragmentation and reduction of population sizes to a point that threatens population viability and species existence. In many cases, restoration of genetic resources of threatened species is needed. Molecular genetic markers, combined with population genetic principles and concepts, can greatly facilitate programs in conservation, restoration and sustainable management of forest genetic resources. We have used various biochemical and molecular genetic markers, such as allozymes, microsatellite DNA, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and sequence-tagged site markers, to examine effects of alternative silvicultural harvesting and regeneration systems, and forest fragmentation and small population size on genetic diversity, fine-scale population genetic structure, mating system and other population genetic parameters in white spruce (Picea glauca), eastern white pine (Pinus strobus), and red spruce (Picea rubens). The objectives of our studies are to provide genetic benchmarks and indicators for developing guidelines for genetically sustainable forest management practices and scientifically sound strategies for conservation and restoration of forest genetic resources. The results of these studies are discussed, particularly in the context of sustainable management, conservation and restoration of forest genetic resources.

The ecosystem approach—as endorsed by the Convention on Biological Diversity (CDB) in 2000—is a strategy for holistic, sustainable, and equitable natural resource management, to be implemented via the 12 Malawi Principles. These principles describe the need to manage nature in terms of dynamic ecosystems, while fully engaging with local peoples. It is an ambitious concept. Today, the term is common throughout the research and policy literature on environmental management. However, multiple meanings have been attached to the term, resulting in confusion. We reviewed references to the ecosystem approach from 1957 to 2012 and identified 3 primary uses: as an alternative to ecosystem management or ecosystem-based management; in reference to an integrated and equitable approach to resource management as per the CBD; and as a term signifying a focus on understanding and valuing ecosystem services. Although uses of this term and its variants may overlap in meaning, typically, they do not entirely reflect the ethos of the ecosystem approach as defined by the CBD. For example, there is presently an increasing emphasis on ecosystem services, but focusing on these alone does not promote decentralization of management or use of all forms of knowledge, both of which are integral to the CBD’s concept. We highlight that the Malawi Principles are at risk of being forgotten. To better understand these principles, more effort to implement them is required. Such efforts should be evaluated, ideally with comparative approaches, before allowing the CBD’s concept of holistic and socially engaged management to be abandoned or superseded. It is possible that attempts to implement all 12 principles together will face many challenges, but they may also offer a unique way to promote holistic and equitable governance of natural resources. Therefore, we believe that the CBD’s concept of the ecosystem approach demands more attention.La Necesidad de Desenredar Conceptos Clave del Argot Ambiente-EstrategiaResumenLa estrategia ambiental – como es promocionada por la Convención Biológica sobre Diversidad en 2000 – es una estrategia para un manejo holístico, sustentable y equitativo de recursos naturales, que habrá de implementarse por vía de los 12 Principios de Malawi. Estos principios describen la necesidad de manejar la naturaleza en términos de ecosistemas dinámicos, mientras se compromete totalmente con las personas locales. Es un concepto ambicioso. Hoy en día, el término es común en la investigación y la literatura de políticas sobre el manejo ambiente. Sin embargo, se han relacionado múltiples significados con el término, lo que resulta en confusión. Revisamos referencias a la estrategia ambiental de 1957 a 2012 e identificamos tres usos principales: como una alternativa para manejo ambiental o basado en ecosistemas; en referencia a una estrategia integrada y equitativa para el manejo de recursos según la CBD; y como un término que indica un enfoque en el entendimiento y la valuación de los servicios ambientales. Aunque los usos de este término y sus variantes pueden traslaparse en su significado, típicamente no reflejan en su totalidad los valores de la estrategia ambiental como fue definida por la CBD. Por ejemplo, actualmente hay un énfasis creciente en los servicios ambientales, pero enfocarse solamente en estos no promueve la descentralización del manejo o el uso de todas las formas de conocimiento, siendo ambas integrales para el concepto de la CBD. Resaltamos que los Principios de Malawi están en riesgo de ser olvidados. Para entender mejor estos principios, se requiere de más esfuerzo para implementarlos. Dichos esfuerzos deben ser evaluados, idóneamente con estrategias comparativas, antes de permitir que el concepto de la CBD de manejo holístico y comprometido socialmente sea abandonado o reemplazado. Es posible que los intentos por implementar los 12 principios juntos enfrentarán muchos obstáculos, pero también pueden ofrecer una forma única de promover el gobierno holístico y equitativo de los recursos naturales. Así, creemos que el concepto de estrategia ambiental de la CBD exige mayor atención.

The transformation of sustainable management and governance for a natural resource can be organized as social learning involving all types of social workers like experts, political leaders, scientist, and local actors and their corresponding scientific and nonscientific knowledge require all new spaces of communicative share sustainable natural resource make novel demand on governance arrangement governance make some principle for diverse contexts and they are availability for sustainable natural resource. The principle can be directly used to design government institutions that are legitimate and transparent, inclusive and fair. The main areas highlight a natural resource that ensures sustainable development. Perspective on the rules and perspectives of our society to promote sustainable development and Environmental Protection. The environmental impact of the assessment system planes with human activities and preventing damage to the environment. This paper analysis of analyzes the sustainable management and governance of natural resources. It provides raw materials and space for social production but serves the needs of human life. It recognizes in that people and their livelihoods rely on the health production of our landscape and play critical roles in maintaining their wealth and productivity. For improving natural resources, securing rights, and sharing power and responsibility for understanding, accessing, and improving natural resource governments including all sharing power and responsibilities. To understand accessing improving natural resources government the realize that values and conserve nature. The extent to which the sustainable management of natural resources is being achieved Looking at human management and environment, land use, population, and waste management resource efficiency.

The transformation of sustainable management and governance for a natural resource can be organized as social learning involving all types of social workers like experts, political leaders, scientist, and local actors and their corresponding scientific and nonscientific knowledge require all new spaces of communicative share sustainable natural resource make novel demand on governance arrangement governance make some principle for diverse contexts and they are availability for sustainable natural resource. The principle can be directly used to design government institutions that are legitimate and transparent, inclusive and fair. The main areas highlight a natural resource that ensures sustainable development. Perspective on the rules and perspectives of our society to promote sustainable development and Environmental Protection. The environmental impact of the assessment system planes with human activities and preventing damage to the environment. This paper analysis of analyzes the sustainable management and governance of natural resources. It provides raw materials and space for social production but serves the needs of human life. It recognizes in that people and their livelihoods rely on the health production of our landscape and play critical roles in maintaining their wealth and productivity. For improving natural resources, securing rights, and sharing power and responsibility for understanding, accessing, and improving natural resource governments including all sharing power and responsibilities. To understand accessing improving natural resources government the realize that values and conserve nature. The extent to which the sustainable management of natural resources is being achieved Looking at human management and environment, land use, population, and waste management resource efficiency.

Health tourism shows a high rate of development compared to other types of tourism, which is due to a number of objective factors: the increase in the number of elderly people, the deterioration of the psycho-emotional and spiritual state of the population, the imperfection of the existing national health care systems against the background of the spread of the philosophy of a healthy lifestyle (wellness), growth of solvency and the awareness of potential consumers. Despite the growing popularity, this type of tourism remains insufficiently studied and understood both at the level of theory and practice, that complicates the interaction between providers and consumers of medical and health services. Probably, a significant part of the misunderstandings is caused by the complexity of this phenomenon that covers three areas: tourism, medicine and medical practice, the duration of its formation in the course of several millennia, and the geography of distribution. The purpose of this work is to make a historical review of the development of health tourism from ancient times to the present. Methodology. The research was implemented using systematic and complex approaches; is based on the analysis of a large number of materials on this problem, the authors of which are well-known foreign and domestic scientists, international organizations. The following methods were used: data analysis and comparison to identify general development trends, common and specific features of various forms of tourism in countries and regions; systematization and generalization. The scientific novelty of the work is that the development of medical tourism is analyzed from three following positions: development of tourism, medicine and medical practice that allows us to explain a number of contradictions in understanding the essence of this type of travel. Results. The results of the analysis has showed that the development of health tourism is a long, dynamic, controversial process, which in different countries and regions has developed at its own pace in different directions and it has led to the formation of a number of subspecies (balneological, resort, spa, wellness, thermal, etc.), which partially overlap and coincide in terms of services. The processes of globalization, on the one hand, have a positive effect on the market of health tourism; on the other hand, they complicate the formation of the offer. Practical consequences. Understanding the history of the emergence and development of health tourism makes it possible to navigate the offer in the regional markets of this type of tourism and to form a national tourism product in view of the trends of its development and the needs of the consumer, taking into account the existing paradigm of health. Conclusions. Having undergone a long period of development spanning several millennia, the health tourism has split into several directions, among which health (spa, wellness) and medical tourism dominate only in recent decades. Geography of their distribution is determined both by existing traditions and by the level of state support.

This study measures the implementation process for the implementation of sustainable tourism, which generally aims to maintain ecological tourism destinations in a long time, getting feasibility economically, ethically and socially equitable for local communities.The Ministry of Tourism in Act No. 10 of 2009 explicitly pouring ideas and support in the development of sustainable tourism that is "necessary efforts to increase tourism's contribution to economic development, public welfare, strengthening of social values and culture, and environmental protection.In accordance with the definition of sustainable tourism development as stated in the Charter for Sustainable Tourism (1995) is, supported development of ecologically well as economically viable, ethically and socially equitable for society.The tourism sector has not contributed real and direct the economy of local communities in tourism destinations.The development of tourism in Indonesia should be able to increase the quality of life (particularly local), to create added value and strengthen the local culture and social values and local wisdom.The assessment will look at the main aspects that should be considered in the development of sustainable tourism.Phasing and assessment measures and methods that will be pursued are: to prepare the standards and criteria for sustainable tourism development that is intended to be applicable at the destination.This study will generally see an outline of the three phases of activity in the development of sustainable tourism which is done through the process of STD, STO and STC.This study will limit the scope of stages Sustainable Tourism Observatory (STO) to get to the Sustainable Tourism Certification (STC).Sustainable Tourism Development (STD) in the study aims to maintain ecological tourism destinations in a long time, getting feasibility economically, ethically and socially equitable for local communities as well as having an output convergence meeting, coordination meetings and research meeting in these destinations.Sustainable Tourism Observatory (STO), is an activity that is conducted with the cooperation between the ministries of tourism, local governments and higher education area that aims to provide recommendations for the development of sustainable tourism, both the central government, local governments, local communities and other stakeholders , The focus of this study is the implementation of the Sustainable Tourism Observatory (STO) that uses the basics of votes according to the criteria of sustainable tourism for destinations.Whatever method of determining the assessment criteria consist of several parts, namely: a) sustainable management of effective management; b) maximize the economic benefits to the local community and minimize negative impacts; c) maximize the benefits to the community, visitors, and culture; minimize the negative impacts; d) to maximize the benefits to the environment and minimize negative impacts.This methodology explicitly used to design, assess, monitor, evaluate and mitigate and understand the paradigm framework of thinking in the development of sustainable tourism were planned and carried out at tourism destinations.The final results of this study provide recommendations after the criteria are met by the development of sustainable tourism for tourist destinations.The recommendations provide a reference methodological and recommendations in the field of tourism sustainability.Support capacity building on tourism stakeholders to foster participation / public participation, policy trends and the impact of tourism through the development of sustainable tourism as a standard and criteria for Sustainable Tourism Observatory (STO) that can be applied in Indonesia.The application emphasizes the principles of sustainability, which refers to aspects of environmental, economic and socio-cultural development of tourism, and an appropriate balance must be established between these three dimensions to guarantee long -term sustainability.

Sustainable management of natural resources is a key concern at all levels of society, on a global as well as a local scale. Natural resources are here understood in broad terms encompassing biodiversity, water, air and soil as well as raw materials. Usually, waste is not considered a natural resource; however, in a sustainable management of natural resources, the recycling of waste as secondary raw materials is pivotal and accordingly included in the present understanding of natural resources. The fifth European Environmental Law Forum Conference in Copenhagen in late summer 2017 aimed to highlight key issues regarding legal instruments and approaches and their role in promoting sustainable management of natural resources. This book offers a selection of peer reviewed contributions presented at the conference. A recurring theme in discussions on sustainability is to strike a balance between environmental, social and economic interests based on the 1987 Brundtland Report's definition of sustainable development as ‘development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs’. It was noted in the Brundtland Report that ‘sustainable development requires that the adverse impacts on the quality of air, water, and other natural elements are minimized so as to sustain the ecosystem's overall integrity.’ Thus, it has been argued that the biosphere sets an ultimate bottom-line for sustainable development expressed as strong sustainability or ecological sustainability implying that development must be based on ecological sustainability in order to meet the needs of present and future generations. Calls have been made for ecological sustainability to be the central reference point of environmental law, and that the sustainability of ecosystems should become one of the foundational principles of law everywhere. Further, humans and natural ecosystems are closely interlinked and it must be kept in mind that ecosystems are dynamic and unpredictable. Social-ecological resilience theory has argued that governance systems must be adaptive and based on participatory, collaborative decision-making. The incorporation of such notions of ecological sustainability and socialecological resilience into (environmental) policy and law faces many challenges, not least considering a continued quest for (economic) development in the aftermaths of the financial crisis. Furthermore, legal instruments and approaches may in different ways promote sustainable management of natural resources.

Background: Forest and land fires in Riau Province are a recurring issue with significant consequences for the economy, society, and environment. This research examines the impacts of these fires and explores the role of women in disaster mitigation efforts. Method: The research used a Desk Study method, collecting secondary data from government reports, scientific journals, and previous studies to conduct a descriptive analysis. Findings: The fires result in substantial material losses, including damage to natural habitats, loss of commercial timber, extinction of local wildlife, and health issues for local communities, with women experiencing disproportionate impacts. However, women also have considerable potential as agents of change in disaster mitigation. Their involvement in sustainable natural resource management and policy-making processes can enhance community resilience to forest and land fires. Conclusion: Involving women in disaster mitigation efforts, particularly in sustainable resource management and policy-making, can lead to more effective and holistic strategies for managing forest and land fires. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study provides new insights into the importance of gender inclusion in disaster risk reduction, emphasizing the potential for women's active participation in mitigating the impacts of forest and land fires in Riau Province.