Abstract
exit circumference. The number of vortex pairs corresponds with the number of perturbations. 2) The combination of discrete perturbations along the exit circumferenceand swirling results in a ow structure that consists of a central swirling jet surrounded by vortices with the opposite sense of rotation. The number of outer vortices again corresponds with the number of perturbations. 3) For swirling jets with four or more perturbations, the effect is con ned to a few diameters downstream from the exit. 4) The swirling jet with three perturbations develops a stable, three-lobed structure that persists farther than 10 diameters downstream from the exit. 5) The swirling jet with two perturbationsdevelops a stable, twolobed structure that persists farther than 10 diameters from the exit.
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