Natural evolution of left ventricular haemodynamics following uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction

Abstract

In an attempt to investigate the changes in left ventricular haemodynamics following uncomplicated myocardial infarction 95 patients with definite electrocardiographic signs of infarction, without clinical signs of cardiac failure, were monitored with a Swan Ganz catheter for the first 24 hours after admission to hospital. The median delay from onset of symptoms was 6.8 hours. Mean heart rate increased (83–86 beats/min; P < 0.05) while stroke volume index fell (38.4-36.6 ml/m 2; P < 0.05); cardiac index therefore remained unchanged during the observation period. As a result of a fall in arterial pressure both systemic vascular resistance and left ventricular stroke work index fell significantly ( P < 0.01). Pulmonary wedge pressure also fell (13.6-10.5 mm Hg; P < 0.001), but this fall was confined to patients whose initial reading was above the median of 13 mm Hg. Pulmonary wedge pressure fell both among the 41 patients who required some medical therapy (15.6-10.8 mm Hg; P < 0.001) and the 54 who received no medication throughout the 24 hours (12.0-9.8 mm Hg; P < 0.05). The 39 patients with anterior wall infarction had higher baseline pulmonary wedge pressure and systemic vascular resistance than the 42 with inferior wall infarction. Later the stroke volume and stroke work index were persistently lower reflecting the greater degree of impairment of left ventricular function in anterior wall infarction. In conclusion, following an uncomplicated myocardial infarction, cardiac index was maintained, despite a fall in stroke volume, by an increase in heart rate. Pulmonary wedge pressure showed both a spontaneous fall and a fall in those patients given additional medical therapy during the study period.