Abstract
Band 3 protein (B3p) exchanging Cl− and HCO3− through erythrocyte membranes is responsible for acid balance, ion distribution and gas exchange, thus accounting for homeostasis of both erythrocytes and entire organisms. Moreover, since B3p cross links with the cytoskeleton and the proteins underlying the erythrocyte membrane, its function also impacts cell shape and deformability, essential to adaptation of erythrocyte size to capillaries for pulmonary circulation. As growing attention has been directed toward this protein in recent years, the present review was conceived to report the most recent knowledge regarding B3p, with specific regard to its anion exchange capability under in vitro oxidative conditions. Most importantly, the role of natural antioxidants, i.e., curcumin, melatonin and Mg2+, in preventing detrimental oxidant effects on B3p is considered.
Highlights
Oxidative stress is due to an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and the antioxidant defense systems, initiating pro-oxidant processes
Human respiration requires a fast conversion between CO2 and HCO3 −, with, on the one hand, CA II facilitating this reversible reaction inside erythrocytes and, on the other hand, Band 3 protein (B3p) providing passage for HCO3 − across the plasma membrane
Erythrocytes are reasonably employed as models for studies on cellular homeostasis, being continuously threatened by oxidative events associated with high ROS levels
Summary
Oxidative stress is due to an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and the antioxidant defense systems, initiating pro-oxidant processes. Both radical and non-radical oxygen-based molecules, such as hydroxyl radical (OH), hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), singlet oxygen (O2 ), and superoxide (O2 ) are considered to be ROS [1]. ROS are defined as small highly reactive chemical species, with one or more unpaired electrons, able to oxidize other compounds such as proteins, membrane lipids, nucleic acids and polysaccharides, resulting in cell damage. Band 3 protein is importantly involved in maintaining erythrocyte deformability as well as ion balance, and is essential to gas exchange capability, and may account for homeostasis of both erythrocytes and the entire organism under healthy and oxidative stress conditions
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