NATION, NATIONALISM AND PLURINATIONALISM IN THE PRINCE

Abstract: Although Weber voiced doubts about the scientific value of the concepts of and in his work one can detect the outlines of two theories of nation. In the political-sociological theory (exposed in Economy and Society), the is understood as a status group united by common historical memory and fighting for the prestige of power and culture with other nations. Besides that, in his early work Weber outlines the political-economical (or national-economical) theory of nation, conceiving as the organizational form of economic association which is optimal in the fight for elbow-room in the globalized Malthusian world as described by the classical model of long-term economic dynamics. Weberian political-economical concept of nations and nationalism is explicated using recent idea of rent-seeking, and is applied to highlight the deficiencies of the prevailing E.Gellner-E.Hobsbawm-B.Anderson theory of nations and nationalism. Resume: Bien que Weber ait des hesitations concernant la valeur scientifique des notions de la nation et l'ethnicite c'est possible distinguer les esquisses des deux theories de la dons ses travaux. La theorie politique-sociologique (en Economie et societe) define la comme une groupe de statut uni par la memoire historique commune, qui se battre contre les autres nations pour prestige de pouvoir et culture. Dons ses travaux premiers Weber profile aussi la theorie politique-economique (ou national-economique) de la nation. Ici la est conceptualisee comme une formed' organisation de association economique, qui est optimale pour la pour l'espace vitale dans le monde scion Malthus (comme il c'est decrit dons medele classique de la dynamique economique d'une longue duree) globalisee. La conception weberienne politique-economique des nations et nationalisme est reconstruite an utilisant la notion contemporaine des lutte pour des rentes (rent-seeking). Cette conception est aussi utilise pour exposer les defauts de in theorie de la et nationalisme de E.Gellner-E. Hobsbawm-B.Anderson, qui prevaut jusqu' a present. Introduction In one of his essays comparing the theoretical views of Max Weber and Ernest Gellner, Perry Anderson noted: Whereas Weber was so bewitched by the of nationalism that he was never able to theorize it, Gellner has theorized nationalism without detecting the spell (Anderson, P. 1992: 205). Anderson wants to say that Gellner's theory of nationalism (Gellner 1983, Gellner 1994) cannot explain the attractiveness of the ideas of nationalism. About Weber, Perry Anderson claims that although the famous German sociologist in his political views was an ardent German nationalist, he had no well-considered concept of nations and nationalism, and unreflectively adopted the dominant ideology in Wilhelmine Germany. In my paper, drawing on Weber's early writings (some of them became more accessible only after their reprint in his Gesamtausgabe), I try to reconstruct Weber's early political-economic (or national-economic) concept of nation. This is done in the second section of my paper. The first section discusses the later and more widely known political-sociological concept of nation, which is documented by Economy and Society, and the publications during the First World War. In the fourth and concluding section, I will try to evaluate both of Weber's concepts of from the viewpoint of the contemporary discussion about nations and nationalism. Most importantly, I will attempt to show here how Weber's early political-economic concept of nations and nationalism can be useful for the revival of the political-economic concept of nationhood which has unfortunately been eclipsed in current discussions. But firstly, I must explain how my contribution is related to the existing body of literature on Weber's notions about nations and nationalism. One of the reasons why Perry Anderson and other authors writing about the irrationalism and arbitrariness of Weber's nationalism (1) do not find the conceptual foundations of his political choice, is that in their searches they restrict themselves to the quite fragmentary chapters of Weber's Economy and Society devoted to ethnicity and nations, written between 1910 and 1914, and not prepared by Weber himself for publication. …

This article presents the question of Italian national identity as it is explored through the works of Sebastiano Vassalli (b. 1941). Vassalli's focus on discovering the roots of the national character has been a defining feature of his oeuvre. In recent years and in an international context, social theorists, political scientists, historians and others have contributed to a now substantial literature on the concepts of nation, national identity and nationalism, concerns of particular relevance for the culture and society of today. Vassalli conducts a literary investigation of many of the topics addressed in contemporary academic discussions of the concept of nation. He presents an often controversial and provocative vision of the national character and argues that it is necessary for writers and critics to examine Italian national identity through history. As a result, he believes that only by identifying and confronting the mistakes, or “character flaws”, of the collective nation will a truly mature society emerge.

Never has the timeless distrust of different generations been more manifest than these days where we see the Egyptian young revolutionaries who emerged in the wake of 2011 being marginalized and even silenced. The last few years in Egypt have witnessed numerous attempts to analyze and interrogate contemporary discourses within different forms of popular culture situating them as fundamental means of examining power and agency. Such contemporary discourses of power, hegemony, revolution, opposition besides concepts of nationalism and resistance in the wake of 2011 revolution and its aftermath, have been the subject of a number of studies on the literary output of the revolution, and notably in the field of poetry and songs. Most of these studies viewed the colloquial poetry produced by young Egyptian poets within the continuum of this rich poetic tradition. I argue that recent poems by young Egyptian poets represent a rupture rather than a continuity within this same tradition. The selected poetic voices are distinguished from both the Egyptian long established tradition of vernacular poetry but also from the poetry composed and sung in the early days of the revolution. This new generation of poets sing the pain and frustration of a dream that did not come true. As they interrogate the meaning of nationalism and the nation itself, one of the main themes in Egyptian vernacular lyrical and poetic tradition, a new corpus is emerging out of their poetry of resistance almost claiming a history of its own.

This article explores the issue of nationalism in the Indian context with a particular focus on the contemporary discourse. An effort has been made to explicate the ins and outs of the concept of nationalism and its types as identified by various scholars in the area. It is imperative to note that Indian nationalism as ingrained in the Constitution of India is essentially different from the nationalism adopted in the most monolithic countries of Europe and the Middle East. The contemporary nationalistic forces seem to invest efforts to consolidate the nationalistic identity of the country through discursive means. This article disambiguates the concept of nationalism and puts the contemporary nationalistic vision in proper perspective.

How central were organic concepts of race and nationality to the Victorians' sense of self before the age of high imperialism at the end of the nineteenth century? Until comparatively recently intellectual historians had hardly even considered this question. In dissecting English thought they had tended to focus either on the persistence of Enlightenment themes or upon the development of social-evolutionary thinking, both of a marked liberal-universalist character relatively unfissured by sharp national, still less racial distinctions. But historians writing in post-colonial and post-modern modes are now making the case that even at mid-century English thought was profoundly imbued with strong concepts of race and nation, formerly associated with contemporary thought in Germany, France and Italy, but not with England. This case has been made without, on the whole, engaging closely with the ‘high’ intellectual history of the period, partly because intellectual historians had not made explicit the racial and national implications of social-evolutionary thinking. In this essay, I want to bring out these implications more clearly, demonstrating how the vitality of the social-evolutionary tradition inhibited the development of biological racism and organic nationalism in England. Beyond that, I will attempt to specify where, and to what degree, nationalist views could develop in the systematic social, political, and historical thought of those crucial years between the revolutions of 1848 and the Home Rule crisis of 1886. In the half-century before 1848, the English were already lagging well behind other Europeans in thinking seriously about ‘nationality’. Without the impetus provided by new revolutionary elites seeking to mobilise a popular following or social movements seeking emancipation through national unification, they had no powerful motive to do so.

This study explores the Nyalamaq Dilauq tradition in Tanjung Luar, South Lombok, examining its role as a cultural policy for promoting social integration and cohesion in coastal communities. The Nyalamaq Dilauq tradition, deeply embedded in the lives of Tanjung Luar residents, serves as a powerful mechanism for fostering a harmonious and united community despite ethnic and cultural diversity. Through a qualitative approach involving interviews, participatory observations, and documentation, the research delves into the historical context, rituals, and ceremonies of the tradition, highlighting its significance in building social bonds and mutual respect among diverse ethnic groups. The findings reveal that the Nyalamaq Dilauq tradition enhances community resilience, supports economic interdependence, and attracts tourism, thereby contributing to the overall well-being of the coastal communities. This study provides valuable insights into the potential of cultural traditions to serve as models for social integration in other multicultural and multi-ethnic contexts.

The present paper accentuates the need for innovation in pedagogical theory and practice of the day.It elucidates the linguistic dilemma of the present times and identifies space for bilingualism and pluriculturalism.To make the readers acquainted with Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL), the authors corroborate the detailed theoretical framework by establishing links with growing trends of cross continent migration, rising globalisation and expansion of multicultural and multiethnic contexts in the educational arena.A brief prehistory of CLIL has also been explored to justify its birth in helping out the linguists and educationists in Europe and beyond.The paper delineates the theory of Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) diagrammatically employing content, cognition and communication in a linguistic culture.It explicates the various nomenclatures, dimensions, functions and the developmental stages of CLIL pedagogy at the dawn of the new millennium.After exploring the theoretical, functional and futuristic facets of CLIL, it is concluded that CLIL is an apt, economical and timely framework of bringing diverse cultures and languages closer to one another and can help build cosmopolitan identity of learners in the Knowledge Age.

SUMMARY This article discusses research on the difficulties of practicing social work ie a multicultural and multiethnic context. The research is based on critical incidents involving 40 social workers in the most "ethnic" public social service centers in Montreal in 1990-1992. The most significant incidents of culture shock between workers from a developed western-type society and clients from developing non-western societies relate to a different notion of the role of social services, different ways of bringing up children, unequal relationships between men and women, a different concept of the family and to a different concept of physical and mental health. The author emphasizes that a better understanding of culture shock and an effort to identify and analyze these sensitive zones of intercultural encounter can have a definite impact on the practice and training of social workers.

This study aimed to explain teachers' efforts into cultural literacy citizenship of integrating Minangkabau local wisdom to civic education in elementary schools. The research was conducted with a qualitative approach to Minangkabau cultural artifacts such as literature, speech, and customs. The ethno pedagogical approach was also used to examine the substance and cultural strategy of learning by fourth-grade teachers from two schools selected purposely. The research findings illustrated that teachers' success in developing learning with a literacy cultural citizenship orientation was supported by students' cultural homogeneity, teachers as native, and teacher competence. The third finding provides an insight that contextualization, a sense of belonging to a culture, and teacher professionalism need to be considered in developing cultural citizenship literacy-oriented learning. Thus, the study recommends that attention is needed for a multicultural and multiethnic context so that more local and national cultures can be introduced in teacher training institutions.

Focusing on the differentials associated with migrants’ region of origin, this paper examines the effects of family structure on women’s work. This analysis aims to provide empirical evidence to shed further light on the existing knowledge and to explore the more appropriate theoretical model regarding the association between family structure characteristics and immigrant women’s work outside the home in the multicultural and multiethnic context. The multivariate results of this analysis support the key fact that the substantial effects of family structure characteristics on women’s work outside the home tend to persist beyond the influence of migration status and ethnic diversity.

In the gardening world, potting refers to the cultivation of plants by cutting, layering, and replacing nutrients-depleted soil with new soil in larger pots to accommodate the growth process. This understanding seems helpful in describing ecumenical worship. There are two perspectives about this phenomenon. On one end of the liturgical practice spectrum, it is perceived as a “least-common-denominator” worship form where contested expressions are cast aside and replaced by elements that are acceptable by everyone. As a result, ecumenical worship is held up as a product of complex negotiation but displays a remarkable lack of spiritual depth in its outcome. On the other end, there is the World Council of Churches—a fellowship of 350 churches that is regarded as the epitome of ecumenism in practice particularly its worship celebration. The assembly, convened every eight years, is seen as a “best practice” showcase for ecumenical worship. In fact, many of the “global songs” being sung by our congregation were premiered in this ecumenical setting. How might we make sense of these perceptions? To that end, this article seeks to describe a suitably appropriate method in planning ecumenical worship and to identify elements that this worship genre needs to consider in its rendition. The efforts of the 2022 assembly worship planning committee of the World Council of Churches serves as the case study. Theo-liturgical principles that define this worship design are examined and discussed. By this, insights may be garnered to help local congregations appreciate this distinctive liturgical form that has its raison d’etre as an expression of Christian reconciliation and unity and to understand what is needed to successfully design such services. In so doing, the work of congregations may be strengthened to face the resurgence of racism and xenophobia in their local contexts.

In this article, the preservation of the monumental built environment from the colonial period is related to and discussed within the perspective of heritage ownership. It contributes to a debate in which heritage resource preservation is approached and connected to several heritage ownership issues. It argues that an effective built environmental preservation policy for colonial heritage is strongly related to and dependent on issues such as legal property ownership, legislation on listed buildings, enforcement of such legislation, and the willingness among different categories of potential owners to participate and support such preservation. Especially, when it comes to built colonial heritage as an imported alien resource from a colonial past, these issues are particularly interesting and sensitive. A good illustration of these issues is the case of Paramaribo, Suriname. The national government policy following the inscription of the historic inner city of Paramaribo on the World Heritage List of UNESCO in 2002 clearly demonstrates an area of tension and difficulty between and within the interested parties. It shows that monumental preservation and heritage management and interpretation are strongly affected and determined by concepts such as ownership, affinity, interest, economic priorities, and political will. By referring to the actual problems encountered in the preservation efforts relating to the built colonial heritage in Paramaribo and subsequently explaining these problems in relation to specific ownership issues, this article throws light on a number of dilemmas. Conclusions are drawn widening the argument and contributing to the ongoing debate on heritage ownership issues and monument preservation policies especially as it relates to the global issue of managing the relics of now defunct empires.In recent years an increasing interest can be detected in issues concerning the legal property ownership of heritage. This growth in interest focuses in particular on the legislation in relationship to property ownership issues. An important aim of national governments is to use legislation to safeguard their cultural property by embedding it in law, especially, when this cultural property has a high monetary or identity value (as stressed by Fechner, 1998). Additionally, the growing awareness and recognition of heritage as a valuable economic, sociopsychological and environmental asset is receiving increasing international attention. For example, the international acknowledgment that heritage resources are under pressure from all kinds of processes and impacts has encouraged the need for an extension of international legal measures. Consequently, this international interest, often expressed in conventions, charters, and treaties, encourages national and local initiatives (Techera, 2011). An interesting complication to this issue is the question that arises where it involves the monumental built environment from the colonial period that is being preserved and restored, as it may be viewed as a heritage based on alien resources. In particular the acceptance, recognition, and role of what may be viewed as an imported colonial built environment in a multicultural and multiethnic context, may impact effective legislation. Although the discussion about the roles of heritage within a plural cultural and ethnic society has already begun (recently emphasized by Van Maanen, 2011; Ashworth, Graham, & Tunbridge, 2007), it is still an underresearched topic when it comes to legal property ownership as part of a management strategy for preserving built colonial heritage resources.This article examines in particular the effectiveness of policies and laws pursued in Suriname as an instrument for the preservation of resources. It highlights the legal and administrative challenges facing the implementation, management, and enforcement of these strategies and measures. The first part of this article examines the debate about the approach and strategy in using law in conservation and preservation policies. Then the article proceeds to introduce Suriname as an instructive case study. It describes the existing multiethnic context of Suriname and the evolution of legislative policy for the historic inner city of the capital, Paramaribo, with its monumental built environment from the colonial period. By using field data, the article continues with an analysis of the effectiveness and impacts of this administrative and legal framework established in Suriname. It examines in detail the main problems encountered and the extent to which this strategy is supported by the key stakeholders.

In the context of an emerging zoonotic disease, sources of knowledge are multidisciplinary. Considering this requires not only a medical approach but also the study of the Andean hantavirus clade, its animal host, Oligoryzomys longicaudatus , and the environmental conditions that favour its spread before infecting humans. Also, thanks to a multi-cultural and multi-ethnic context, the containment of this outbreak was achieved through selective respiratory isolation and the cooperation of the local actors involved. Following a transdisciplinary approach, an actor-oriented analysis and their interaction provide a better understanding of the process that led to this successful containment. It also gives important clues for the control of zoonotic outbreaks, with human-to-human transmission. Information © The Author 2023

The present paper accentuates the need for innovation in pedagogical theory and practice of the day. It elucidates the linguistic dilemma of the present times and identifies space for bilingualism and pluriculturalism. To make the readers acquainted with Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL), the authors corroborate the detailed theoretical framework by establishing links with growing trends of cross continent migration, rising globalisation and expansion of multicultural and multiethnic contexts in the educational arena. A brief prehistory of CLIL has also been explored to justify its birth in helping out the linguists and educationists in Europe and beyond. The paper delineates the theory of Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) diagrammatically employing content, cognition and communication in a linguistic culture. It explicates the various nomenclatures, dimensions, functions and the developmental stages of CLIL pedagogy at the dawn of the new millennium. After exploring the theoretical, functional and futuristic facets of CLIL, it is concluded that CLIL is an apt, economical and timely framework of bringing diverse cultures and languages closer to one another and can help build cosmopolitan identity of learners in the Knowledge Age.

Building on Anderson’s nationalism concept (2006), national culture is essential as it shapes social practices and institutions; however, its complexity arises from internal diversity. This research aims to clarify how Nusantara cultural values are integrated into pupils’ management and activities to revitalize national identity and promote social harmony in Indonesia’s multicultural context. Utilizing a cross-sectional design, data were collected through surveys from 265 participants, including school leaders, teachers, staff, and pupils across ten provinces. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed for data analysis, revealing significant relationships among the variables. The findings indicate that the integration of Nusantara cultural values positively influences social harmony and significantly impacts the revitalization of national identity. Furthermore, pupil management activities grounded in these cultural values enhance social harmony and positively affect national identity, with the latter significantly influencing social harmony. This demonstrates a complex interplay among these elements, where both cultural value integration and pupil management activities are pivotal, with national identity acting as a mediating factor. These results underscore the critical role of cultural values in shaping educational experiences and fostering unity amid globalization. The implications of this study suggest practical strategies for educators and policymakers to enhance cultural integration within schools, preserving Indonesia’s rich heritage while promoting inclusivity. Ultimately, this research contributes to the discourse on cultural education, offering a framework for future studies to strengthen national unity and intercultural understanding in diverse societies.