Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequently occurring tumor in the human population. CRCs are usually adenocarcinomatous and originate as a polyp on the inner wall of the colon or rectum which may become malignant in the due course of time. Although the therapeutic options of CRC are limited, the early diagnosis of CRC may play an important role in preventive and therapeutic interventions to decrease the mortality rate. The CRC-affected tissues exhibit several molecular markers that may be exploited as the novel strategy to develop newer approaches for the treatment of the disease. Nanotechnology consists of a wide array of innovative and astonishing nanomaterials with both diagnostics and therapeutic potential. Several nanomaterials and nano formulations such as Carbon nanotubes, Dendrimer, Liposomes, Silica Nanoparticles, Gold nanoparticles, Metal-organic frameworks, Core-shell polymeric nano-formulations, Nano-emulsion System, etc can be used to targeted anticancer drug delivery and diagnostic purposes in CRC. The light-sensitive photosensitizer drugs loaded gold and silica nanoparticles can be used to diagnose as well as the killing of CRC cells by the targeted delivery of anticancer drugs to cancer cells. This review is focused on the recent advancement of nanotechnology in the diagnosis and treatment of CRC.
Highlights
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a severe health problem and has the third-highest occurrence within the cancer-causing conditions that influence the populations of developing and developed countries
Nanotechnology enabled the development of medical products from a single mode of action to multifunctional platforms such as nano theranostics to combine diagnostics and therapeutics
Several nanoparticle-based studies have focused on the development of techniques to customize novel drug conjugates and diagnostics as well as therapeutic devices
Summary
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a severe health problem and has the third-highest occurrence within the cancer-causing conditions that influence the populations of developing and developed countries (da Paz et al, 2012). Nanotechnology has opened up a new way to the development of novel and efficiently organized nanomaterials with the capability of enhanced performance in screening, detection, and treatment of CRC cancer along with other types of tumors (Gulbake et al, 2016; Bray et al, 2019). The present review has the main emphasis on the discussion of nanotechnology-based precision methods for screening, detection, and treatment of colorectal cancer. Many of the clinical trials reported that sigmoidoscopy reduces the chances of establishment and prevents persons from dying from CRC (Atkin et al, 2010; Segnanet al., 2011; Elmunzer et al, 2012; Schoen et al, 2012; Holme Kalager, 2014) All these screening tests for CRC have differed in respect to their preparation requirements, patient expediency, amount of colon and rectum evaluated along with their limitations. In the optical imaging system, persistent luminescence nanoparticles (PLNPs) have been used as a novel optical nanoprobe to utilize the characteristic longlasting near-infrared (NIR) luminescence (Lecuyer et al, 2016) which allows the functioning of optical imaging without constant
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