Nanotechnology Delivery Systems of Coenzyme Q10: Pharmacokinetic and Clinical Implications

Abstract

Coenzyme Q10 is an antioxidant essential for biochemical reactions in the human body. The deficiency of the coenzyme Q10 in the body leads to several disorders including neurological degeneration, ageing, and cancer. In cell mitochondria, coenzyme Q10 is a cofactor as electron transport system and is responsible for the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a major source of energy. Clinical trials reported the role of coenzyme Q10 in as the drug or dietary supplement. The major issue concerning coenzyme Q10 delivery is its high molecular weight and poor water solubility. This limitation ultimately leads to its poor oral bioavailability. Traditional approaches has been made to overcome poor water solubility, such as size reduction and ionization. New drug delivery carriers include nanoparticles, solid dispersions, liposomes, nanoemulsions, self-emulsifying drug delivery system, nanostructured lipid carrier, cyclodextrins and nanocapsules. These nanocarriers facilitate absorption of coenzyme Q10 from gastrointestinal tract and increase oral bioavailability. Here we review nanotechnology-based drug delivery system for coenzyme Q10 with special emphasis on pharmacokinetic perspective and clinical relevance.