Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the numerous possibilities to implement functionalities into the surface of polymer components. It presents physical nanoeffects, which can be exploited for biomedical applications with a specific emphasis on those effects, which are due to surface topography. Polymers have attracted great interest in biomedical applications owing to their low cost and tailorable properties. High-performance polymers such as polye-theretherketone (PEEK) and polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) are used as bone implants and screws, while biodegradable polymers like poly lactic acid (PLA), polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) are actively used as scaffolds in regenerative medicine. Nanostructured polymers are mainly found in sutures, scaffolds, implants, and drug delivery systems. Origination ranges from stochastic processes to self-organization using anodic porous alumina, block-copolymers, and controlled particle placement by capillary assembly. Polymers are particularly advantageous, because the molds provided for standard replication can be decorated with nanostructures without changing the overall shape of the manufactured component.
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