NANOSTRUCTURAL MECHANICALLY ALLOYED DISPERSION STRENGTHENED MATERIALS BASED ON METALS

Abstract

Development of modern industries requires creation of new materials, which have, along with special properties, high strength and heat resistance. The most difficult is the provision of the latter. To increase it, it is necessary to reduce the amount of free movement of dislocations to a maximum permissible value, localize movement of defects of the crystal structure within the grain (subgrain), minimize the runoff of defects of the crystal structure at grain boundaries, exclude intergranular sliding, which can be successfully realized in dispersion-hardened materials. To obtain them, a promising technology is based on the reaction mechanical alloying. The article presents the results of the author’s work, which made it possible to establish the regularities in the formation of phase composition, structure and properties at all stages of obtaining mechanically alloyed dispersed-hardened materials based on metals, which are the basis for the production of basic structural alloys-aluminum, copper, iron and nickel. These alloys are used for products operating under severe temperature-strength conditions – at temperatures reaching 0.85T ml of the substrate. They have tensile strength 1.2–1.5 times higher than that of analogues, and on their basis a new area of materials science of structural materials was created – nanostructured mechanically alloyed dispersed-hardened materials based on metals. The most promising areas of application of technologies based on reaction mechanical alloying in the field of materials science are: 1) high-strength materials for machine parts, tooling and products of various functional purposes operating under severe temperature and force conditions; 2) powders for gas-thermal spraying and coating of them; 3) nanocrystalline modifying ligatures and modifiers. The results of industrial introduction are given – two small-scale enterprises for the production of import-substituting science-intensive products were created.