Abstract
The growing data availability has accelerated the rise of data-driven and data-intensive technologies, such as machine learning, a subclass of artificial intelligence technology. Because the volume of data is expanding rapidly, new and improved data storage methods are necessary. Advances in nanophotonics have enabled the creation of disruptive optical data storage techniques and media capable of storing petabytes of data on a single optical disk. However, the needs for high-capacity, long-term, robust, and reliable optical data storage necessitate breakthrough advances in existing optical devices to enable future developments of artificial intelligence technology. Machine learning, which employs computer algorithms capable of self-improvement via experience and data usage, has proven an unrivaled tool to detect and forecast data patterns and decode and extract information from images. Furthermore, machine learning has been combined with physical and chemical sciences to build new fundamental principles and media. The integration of nanophotonics-enabled optical data storage with emerging machine learning technologies promises new methods for high-resolution, accurate, fast, and robust optical data writing and reading, as well as the discovery, design, and optimization of nanomaterials and nanostructures with new functionalities for next-generation nanophotonics-enabled optical data storage. In this Perspective, we review advances in nanophotonics-enabled optical data storage and discuss the role of machine learning in next-generation nanophotonics-enabled optical data storage.
Highlights
Over the last few decades, the digital transformation that our society has undergone has resulted in an unprecedented amount of data being produced
We examine the milestone developments in nanophotonics-enabled Optical data storage (ODS), emphasizing the technological aspects that are critical to meeting data storage demands in the age of machine learning (ML)
The main challenge is that focusing the writing laser beam into the ODS medium causes scattering loss. This issue was experimentally overcome by using the principle of two-photon (2P) absorption[30,31] to achieve 3D ODS with a storage density of >1012 bits/cm3.32,33 Because 2P absorption depends quadratically on the incident laser beam intensity, excitation was localized to a small 3D high-intensity region in the focal spot, which enabled us to reduce the separation between data storage layers without crosstalk
Summary
Over the last few decades, the digital transformation that our society has undergone has resulted in an unprecedented amount of data being produced. Nanophotonics advances have allowed for the engineering of nanoscale interactions between light and matter and the use of new physical dimensions of light and materials for optical data writing and reading. Such breakthroughs have paved the way for nanophotonicsenabled ODS devices with petabytes of data on a single optical disk (1 petabyte equals 1 thousand terabytes). The demand for high-capacity, long-term, robust, and reliable ODS necessitates breakthrough advancements in existing optical devices to permit future developments in artificial intelligence technology.
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