Abstract
In recent years; the interaction of nanoparticles (NPs) with plants has been intensively studied. Therefore, more and more aspects related to both the positive and negative impact of NP on plants are well described. This article focuses on two aspects of NP interaction with plants. The first is a summary of the current knowledge on NP migration through the roots into the plant body, in particular, the role of the cell wall. The second aspect summarizes the current knowledge of the participation of the symplast, including the plasmodesmata (PD), in the movement of NP within the plant body. We highlight the gaps in our knowledge of the plant–NP interactions; paying attention to the need for future studies to explain the mechanisms that regulate the composition of the cell wall and the functioning of the PD under the influence of NP.
Highlights
Nanotechnology is a field of science that has experienced extremely intense growth in recent years
Despite the growing amount of literature data that describes the interaction of NP with plants [15,16,18] and progress in understanding this impact, there are still some aspects that need consideration. These include the role of the cell wall and symplast in NP uptake, and the role of plasmodesmata (PD) in postulated pathway for NP to travel through the plant body
Action that penetrate the cell walls? (b) is there a correlation between the NP occurrence and the cell wall chemical composition? (c) are PD involved in the NP translocation within the plant body and, if so, what is the mechanism of this process?
Summary
Nanotechnology is a field of science that has experienced extremely intense growth in recent years. A study of the literature data led to the conclusion that results obtained so far are inconsistent, and do not allow one to make generalizations about the effects of NP on plants growth and development It is not surprising as in this interaction there are two key “players”: 1/the NP, which vary in composition, morphology and (among others) in size and surface properties and 2/different plant responses to NP, depending (among others) on the developmental stage, organs that interact with NP or growth conditions. Despite the growing amount of literature data that describes the interaction of NP with plants [15,16,18] and progress in understanding this impact, there are still some aspects that need consideration These include the role of the cell wall and symplast in NP uptake, and the role of plasmodesmata (PD) in postulated pathway for NP to travel through the plant body. The following questions arise: (a) what is the mode of NP action that penetrate the cell walls? (b) is there a correlation between the NP occurrence and the cell wall chemical composition? (c) are PD involved in the NP translocation within the plant body and, if so, what is the mechanism of this process?
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