Abstract
PurposeTo characterize the nanoparticle of antroquinonol from A. cinnamomea and its ameliorative effects on the reproductive dysfunction in the diabetic male rat.Material and MethodsThe chitosan-silicate nanoparticle was used as the carrier for the delivery of antroquinonol from solid-state-cultured A. cinnamomea extract (AC). The rats were fed with a high-fat diet and intraperitoneally injected with streptozotocin to induce diabetes. The rats were daily oral gavage by water [Diabetes (DM) and Control groups], three different doses of chitosan-silicate nanoparticle of antroquinonol from solid-state-cultured A. cinnamomea (nano-SAC, NAC): (DM+NAC1x, 4 mg/kg of body weight; DM+NAC2x, 8 mg/kg; and DM+NAC5x, 20 mg/kg), solid-state-cultured AC (DM+AC5x, 20 mg/kg), or metformin (DM+Met, 200 mg/kg) for 7 weeks.ResultsThe nano-SAC size was 37.68±5.91 nm, the zeta potential was 4.13±0.49 mV, encapsulation efficiency was 79.29±0.77%, and loading capacity was 32.45±0.02%. The nano-SAC can improve diabetes-induced reproductive dysfunction by regulating glucose, insulin, and oxidative enzyme and by increasing the level of testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and sperm count as well as sperm mobility. In testicular histopathology, the seminiferous tubules of A. cinnamomea-supplemented diabetic rats showed similar morphology with the control group.ConclusionThe nanoparticle of antroquinonol from Antrodia cinnamomea can be used as an effective strategy to improve diabetes-induced testicular dysfunction.
Highlights
Metabolic syndrome is a group of health problems for a combination of dysglycemia, raised blood pressure, elevated triglyceride levels, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and abdominal obesity
The morphology of nano-SAC was investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) without further purification process
This study showed smaller particle size and high in EE percentage when compared to silica-chitosan and A. camphorata extract (ACE) polysaccharides encapsulation.[43]
Summary
Metabolic syndrome is a group of health problems for a combination of dysglycemia, raised blood pressure, elevated triglyceride levels, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and abdominal obesity. It is associated with a substantially increased risk of cardiovascular disease.[1] Diabetes is a chronic disease that occurs either the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or the body cannot effectively use the insulin (insulin resistance, IR) and resulting high blood sugar (hyperglycemia).[2,3] Oxidative stress has a positively correlation with IR and contributes to diabetes. More than 90% of diabetic patients are suffering from type-2 diabetes mellitus.
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