Abstract
Nanotechnology is a new, interdisciplinary field of science, the products of which are nanoparticles, i.e. structures that, thanks to their unique physical and chemical properties conditioned by their nanometric dimensions, have found wide application in medicine, pharmacy and biotechnology. Currently, they play a particularly important role as drug carriers, antibacterial and antiviral substances. They are also used in diagnostics, genetic tests, and increasing the accuracy of biological tests. The enormous possibilities of nanoparticles concern their potential use as drug delivery systems, factors improving the quality of anticancer radiotherapy and supporting molecular imaging, as well as compounds with highly bactericidal, fungicidal and antiviral properties. Therefore, it is crucial to implement therapies based on nanoparticles into clinical trials, as they can be an excellent diagnostic and therapeutic tool for many diseases, including cancer. However, it is necessary to overcome certain barriers due to the nature of some nanoparticles, such as problems with biodegradability and porosity. Despite the benefits of using nanostructures, the possibility of side effects caused by the action of metal nanoparticles absorbed by organisms has not been ruled out.
Highlights
Nanoparticles are powerful tools used for imaging, diagnostics and therapy, mainly due to their properties
The sheer size of nanoparticles is not enough to be used for imaging or diagnosis
Despite the great possibilities offered by nanoparticles, scientists are still working on using them in medicine, an example of which can be research on in vivo real-time monitoring of cellular processes, or specific targeting and delivery of drugs to the site of action in a target cell [1]
Summary
Nanoparticles are powerful tools used for imaging, diagnostics and therapy, mainly due to their properties. Examples of such coatings may be antibodies, biopolymers such as collagen, or single layers of small molecules, which make these particles biocompatible and ensure their proper functioning in a living organism [2]. Despite the great possibilities offered by nanoparticles, scientists are still working on using them in medicine, an example of which can be research on in vivo real-time monitoring of cellular processes, or specific targeting and delivery of drugs to the site of action in a target cell [1].
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