Abstract
For effective management of typhoid, diagnosis of the disease must be done with speed and accuracy. Laboratory diagnosis of typhoid fever requires isolation and identification of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi. In many areas where the disease is endemic, laboratory capability is limited. Recent advances in molecular immunology have led to the identification of sensitive and specific markers. Currently, alternative methods for biological molecular analysis are enzyme immunoassay, surface plasmon resonance and electrochemical immunoassay. With the development of nanotechnology, various nanoparticles and nano-quantum dots have been used as labels to enhance the sensitivity of the electrochemical immunoassay technique.
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