Abstract
The effect of nanoconfinement on the crystallization of methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) was systematically studied using two-dimensional X-ray diffraction (2D XRD). Nanoconfined crystals were prepared by spin coating a cosolution of lead iodide (PbI2) and methylammonium iodide (MAI) dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide or dimethyl sulfoxide onto anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) templates with uniaxially aligned pores ranging from 20–200 nm in diameter. Upon spin coating, a metastable crystalline phase incorporating solvent molecules was observed. Analysis of 2D XRD patterns using refined lattice parameters revealed that these crystals adopt a preferential orientation with alternating sheets of PbI2 and solvent molecules lying parallel to the long axis of the pores. Upon thermal annealing at temperatures up to 130 °C, the oriented PbI2/solvent crystals converted to randomly oriented MAPbI3 crystals, with the extent of conversion dependent on the characteristic pore diameter of the AAO template. Nanoconfinem...
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