Abstract
Integrin αvβ3, a cell surface receptor, participates in signaling transduction pathways in cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. Several ligands bind to integrin αvβ3 to regulate proliferation and metastasis in cancer cells. Crosstalk between the integrin and other signal transduction pathways also plays an important role in modulating cancer proliferation. Carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) activates the downstream integrin FAK to stimulate biological activities including cancer proliferation and metastasis. Blockage of signals related to integrin αvβ3 was shown to be a promising target for cancer therapies. 3,3′,5,5′-tetraiodothyroacetic acid (tetrac) completely binds to the integrin with the thyroid hormone to suppress cancer proliferation. The (E)-stilbene analog, resveratrol, also binds to integrin αvβ3 to inhibit cancer growth. Recently, nanotechnologies have been used in the biomedical field for detection and therapeutic purposes. In the current review, we show and evaluate the potentiation of the nanomaterial carrier RGD peptide, derivatives of PLGA-tetrac (NDAT), and nanoresveratrol targeting integrin αvβ3 in cancer therapies.
Highlights
Integrin bind to the nuclear receptor (TR)-β in the αvβ3 cytosol, and these complexes are translocated to nuclei to stimulate TR-β-dependent
Crosstalk between integrin αvβ3 and the EGFR plays an important role in modulating cancer cell proliferation [33,39]
We showed that resveratrol binds to cell surface integrin αvβ3 to sequentially promote signal transduction and biological activities [73]
Summary
An important research challenge is to develop new multifunctional nanomaterials with properties that can transfer specific agents across different biological barriers to target specific cell types, tissues, and organs in the body. The location of the release of biological activity can be determined using nanomaterials with certain surface chemical characteristics This enables the release of therapeutic agents into specific tissues and parts of the body [14]. The size of nanoparticles is an important parameter determining nanoparticles’ pharmacokinetics, interactions with the immune system, and ability to enter cells [11]. The nanomaterial size is related to passive targeting by the EPR effect for cancer reatment. The tumor tissue has larger microvascular endothelium intervals and allows nomaterial through below of of size of of nm It It is iscalled nanomaterial through below size nm.
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