Abstract
Several kinds of laser, CO2, Ar, Nd: YAG, Ar dye, Pulsed dye and Diode lasers have been used for the skin incision, treatment of penile carcinoma and bladder tumor, urethral stenosis, stone destruction and acupuncture. Ar dye laser has been utilized as a photodynamic therapy (PDT) with the use of photosensitized agents (HpD). Though the PDT was evaluated as the ideal treatment of CIS, there still remains the problem to be solved in terms of the hypersensitivity of the skin by HpD. After the development of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), laser surgery was attempted to the endoscopic destruction of the ureteral stone. Pulsed dye laser is now commercially available. But more powerful laser is hoped to be developed without appreciable changes to the living tissue by the laser irradiation. Nd: YAG laser is able to transmit through quartz fiber, making it feasible to perform transurethral laser surgery. Therefore, special interests were focused in the treatment of bladder tumor and urethral stenosis. Because of the limited indication of Nd: YAG laser therapy, instrumental development and technical expertise will be needed to magnify the indication of the laser therapy.
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