綦江评价指标体系构建和健康评价研究

Abstract

河流健康评价研究对河流环境的治理与保护工作具有重要的指导作用。本文采用基于层次分析法的综合评价方法，对长江一级支流重庆市綦江进行了河流健康评价研究。在确定了评价指标权重与指标标准特征值的前提下，尝试从水文水资源、水环境状况、水生生物状况、社会服务功能四个方面共13个指标，表征河流的健康状况。结果表明，綦江水体基本处于健康状态。13个评价指标中，生态流量满足程度、河流连通阻隔状况、纳污性能指数、大型底栖动物完整性指数、鱼类完整性指数得分相对较低。与此同时，由于綦江上水工建筑的兴建，阻断了鱼类洄游的路线，造成河段鱼类生态系统出现片段化现象，大型底栖动物完整性指数也受到影响。綦江上大多数水利工程还需要设置生态水量放水设施，另外綦江中段污染和人类活动的干扰稍微严重，化学需氧量和氨氮的排放量较大，需要进一步加强管理。 The study of river health assessment plays an important role in the management and protection of river environment. In this paper, a comprehensive evaluation method based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to study the health assessment of Qijiang River in Chongqing, the first-grade tributary of the Yangtze River. The weight of evaluation index and the characteristic value of the index standard had been determined. Meanwhile, 13 indicators from hydrology-water resources, water environment, aquatic condi-tions and social service functions had been used to characterize the health of the river. The results showed that the water body of Qijiang was basically in a state of health. In the 13 evaluation indexes, the ecological flow satisfaction degree, the river connectivity barrier status, the pollution index performance index, the index of the integrity of the benthic animal and the integrity index of the fish were relatively low. Mean-while, due to the construction of the Qijiang Shang Shui, blocking the route of migratory fish, fragmentation phenomenon appears in the river fish ecology system and large bottom dwelling animals’ complete index is also affected. Most of the water conservancy projects also should set ecological water drainage facilities; the middle pollution and human interference are slightly worse; emissions of COD and ammonia nitrogen are larger, which all need to further strengthen management.