運動コンフリクトの型の後続試行への効果

Abstract

The dynamogenic effects of various conflict patterns on subsequent conflict and non-conflict trials were studied.It is assumed that (1) the drive strength of the approach-approach type of conflict is rather easily reduced, since it consists of an unstable state of equilibrium, (2) those of approach-avoidance and avoidance-avoidance conflict patterns are difficult to reduce as they are of stable states, and (3) the blocking of the responses in the avoidance-avoidance conflict produces an effect of conflict reduction. Thus the strength of conflict drive in the subsequent trial will be the strongest in approachavoidance, the second strongest in approach-approach and the weakest in avoidance-avoidance. The response measures were response speeds and G. S. R. scores. The apparatus used was a modified version of the one devised by Hovland & Sears (1938).Subjects were instructed to approach a green light and to avoid a red light by manual response. Five trials of each type of conflict (approach-approach, approachavoidance and aviodance-avoidance) as well as 45 non-conflict trials were given to subjects in randomized order, with each conflict trials being succeeded by from 1 to 5 non-conflict trials.To control the novelty of two stimulus lights on conflict trials, each subject was presented two lights simultaneously at non-conflict trials (i.e. a red light on one side and a green light on the other side).40 male college students were served as subjects and they were divided into four groups as shown below;Group 1; the stimuli were continuously presented for 5 seconds and the response was allowed to start simultaneously with the onset of stimulation.Group 2; the response started with the onset of stimulation and the stimuli continued until the termination of the response.Group 3; the response started after the stimuli were presented for 5 seconds.Group 4; the stimuli were presented for 5 seconds, but subjects were not allowed to give any manual response to them.Comparing the response speeds of the conflict trials among Groups 1, 2, and 3, there was a statistically significant difference among the groups means. There was no significant interaction between the delay of the response and the type of conflict. In all groups response speed decreased with trials in approach-avoidance, but approach-approach and avoidance-avoidance showed the opposite trend.The difference in speeds among the subsequent non-conflict trials preceded by each type of conflict was not significant, but the speed was highest on the trials preceded by avoidance-avoidance.The results of the G. S. R. score would reflect the motivational effects of the conflict situations. The G. S. R. scores during 5 seconds of stimulus presentation in conflict trials in Groups 3 and 4 were high during approach-avoidance and approachapproach conflicts and low during avoidance-avoidance conflict.In the subsequent non-conflict trials, the G. S. R. score was the highest when preceded by approach-avoidance conflict, the lowest when preceded by aviodanceavoidane conflict.